Legalization, Trade Liberalization, and Domestic Politics: A Cautionary Note
Legalization, Trade Liberalization, and Domestic Politics: A Cautionary Note
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合法化、贸易自由化和国内政治：警告
DOI：
10.1162/002081800551226
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Lisa L. Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Judith S. Goldstein;Lisa L. Martin
如果合法化的目的是为了加强国际合作，那么更多并不总是更好。实现最佳程度的合法化需要在减少机会主义风险和减少合法化对国内政治进程的潜在负面影响之间找到平衡。旨在实现贸易自由化的全球贸易制度随着时间的推移变得越来越合法。日益合法化改变了信息环境和政府义务的性质，这反过来又影响到国内利益集团在贸易方面的动员模式。从鼓励未来自由贸易扩张的角度出发，我们提出了合法化可能产生的一些负面后果，认为这些后果必须与合法化对增加国家遵守的积极影响进行权衡。由于《关贸总协定》机构的法律化程度较低，足以维持广泛的自由化，因此，进一步法律化的理由必须充分，才能证明全球贸易制度的深远变革是合理的。
If the purpose of legalization is to enhance international cooperation, more may not always be better. Achieving the optimal level of legalization requires finding a balance between reducing the risks of opportunism and reducing the potential negative effects of legalization on domestic political processes. The global trade regime, which aims to liberalize trade, has become increasingly legalized over time. Increased legalization has changed the information environment and the nature of government obligations, which in turn have affected the pattern of mobilization of domestic interest groups on trade. From the perspective of encouraging the future expansion of liberal trade, we suggest some possible negative consequences of legalization, arguing that these consequences must be weighed against the positive effects of legalization on increasing national compliance. Since the weakly legalized GATT institution proved sufficient to sustain widespread liberalization, the case for further legalization must be strong to justify far-reaching change in the global trade regime.