Sexual homicides in South Africa: A national cross-sectional epidemiological study of adult women and children
Sexual homicides in South Africa: A national cross-sectional epidemiological study of adult women and children
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0186432
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发表时间：
2017-10-17
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jewkes, Rachel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abrahams, Naeemah;Mathews, Shanaaz;Jewkes, Rachel
对妇女和儿童的性凶杀是针对妇女和儿童的极端暴力形式，存在于性别不平等和纵容性暴力和针对妇女和儿童的性别暴力的社会规范的更广泛背景下。本研究的目的是描述南非全国妇女和儿童性凶杀的发生率和特征。方法我们进行了一项基于全国太平间的回顾性研究，以随机选择的按比例的太平间样本来确定 2009 年所有成年女性凶杀案（18 岁及以上）和所有儿童凶杀案（18 岁以下的男孩和女孩）。受害者、犯罪者和犯罪数据通过三个过程收集：从太平间登记册、尸检报告和警方，并在整个数据收集过程中验证性凶杀案的鉴定。调查结果在 2009 年被杀的 2670 名（95% CI：2311-2979）成年女性中，有 494 名（95% CI：406-574）被确定为性凶杀案，其中南澳所有成年女性凶杀案中，有 19.8%（95% CI：17.6-22.0）；在 1277 名（95% CI：1091-1462）名被杀儿童中，104 名（95% CI：77-132）名儿童凶杀案中发现性凶杀，占 8.7%（95% CI：10.9-11.2%）这些谋杀案。勒颈是儿童和成年女性最常见的死亡原因。在儿童中发现了明显的年龄和性别模式，只有 1% 的男孩死亡被确定为性凶杀，而所有儿童性凶杀的 92% 是女孩。勒死是儿童中最常见的死亡方式（35.5%），而肇事者很少是陌生人。然而，对于成年女性和儿童来说，性凶杀案和非性凶杀案的定罪比例没有差异。 结论 强奸凶杀案在南非并不罕见，五分之一的女性凶杀案和近十分之一的儿童凶杀案与性犯罪有关。这些高患病率是文献中报道的最高水平之一，我们的研究是少数关于儿童性凶杀流行病学的研究之一。降低死亡率是南非和世界其他国家的重要政策目标，而预防女性和儿童凶杀案是实现这一目标的重要组成部分。
Sexual homicides of women and children are extreme forms of violence against women and children and are located within the broader context of gender inequality and social norms that condone sexual violence and gender based violence against women and children. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and characteristics of sexual homicide of women and children nationally in South Africa.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective national mortuary based study to identify all adult female homicides (18 years and older) and all child homicides (boys and girls < 18 years) in 2009 in a randomly selected, proportionate sample of mortuaries. Victim, perpetrator and crime data were collected in three processes: from the mortuary register, the autopsy report and from police with the identification of sexual homicides validated across the data collection processes.FindingsAmong the 2670 (95% CI: 2311-2979) adult women killed in 2009, 494 (95% CI: 406-574) were identified as sexual homicides which was 19.8% (95% CI: 17.6-22.0) of all adult female homicides and among 1277 (95% CI: 1091-1462) children killed in SA, sexual homicides were found in 104 (95% CI: 77-132) of the child homicides which was 8.7% (95% CI: 10.9-11.2%) of these murders. Strangulation was the most common cause of death for both children and adult females. A distinct age and sex pattern was found among children with only 1% boy child death identified as a sexual homicide and 92% of all the child sexual homicides were among girls. Strangulation was the most common manner of death among children (35.5%) and perpetrators were seldom strangers. However, no difference in the proportion of convictions between the sexual homicides and non-sexual homicides were found for both adult females and children.ConclusionRape homicide is not a rare event in South Africa, with one in five female homicides and nearly one in ten child homicides identified with an associated sexual crime. These high prevalences are amongst the highest levels reported in the literature with our study among the few reporting on the epidemiology of child sexual homicide. Reducing mortality is an important policy goal for South Africa and for the rest of the world and the prevention of female and child homicide is an important part of attaining this goal.