Contribution of household drinking water intake to arsenic and lead exposure among Uruguayan schoolchildren.
Contribution of household drinking water intake to arsenic and lead exposure among Uruguayan schoolchildren.
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家庭饮用水摄入量对乌拉圭学童砷和铅暴露的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133525
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Desai,Gauri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rowan,Jennifer;Kordas,Katarzyna;Queirolo,ElenaI;Vahter,Marie;Mañay,Nelly;Peregalli,Fabiana;Desai,Gauri
研究背景食物和水是儿童砷、铅的常见暴露源。虽然这些有毒物质的饮食来源是相当好的研究，饮用水的贡献有毒物质的暴露是没有很好的特点，在许多人群中，特别是在全球South. ObjectiveAssessment的程度，消费的家庭饮用水有助于砷和铅暴露在乌拉圭学龄儿童与低水平exposition.MethodsChildren，年龄5-8岁，在2009-2013年期间，乌拉圭蒙得维的亚的学校参加了蒙得维的亚健康环境研究。参与者报告水摄入量作为两个24小时饮食回忆的一部分。砷的浓度测定在第一个早晨的尿液样本，并调整尿比重。在静脉血液样本中测量铅浓度。从参与者家中收集饮用水样本，并测量有毒物质浓度。数据分析采用三角测量法。首先，多变量线性回归估计通过饮用水的毒物暴露之间的关联，计算为每个孩子的水摄入量和水毒物浓度的产品，并在所有变量（样本A; n = 40）的完整数据的儿童中各自的毒物生物标志物浓度。第二，对除饮水量（样本B; n = 195）外所有变量数据完整的参与者重复回归分析，饮水量进行插补。最后，模型被构建为样本B（n = 195）的基础上，饮用水摄入量假设被固定在第25，第50，第75百分位数的参与者在样本A.结果通过饮用水摄入的有毒物质暴露是低的。三角测量的方法显示，通过家庭饮水和各自的有毒物质生物标志物concentration.ConclusionStudies较大的样本和重复的措施，需要确认这些发现之间没有关联。然而，在低水毒物浓度下，典型的水消耗似乎不是儿童接触的主要因素。
BackgroundFood and water are common exposure sources of arsenic and lead among children. Whereas dietary sources of these toxicants are fairly well-studied, the contribution of drinking water to toxicant exposures is not well characterized in many populations, particularly in the Global South.ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which consumption of household drinking water contributes to arsenic and lead exposure among Uruguayan schoolchildren with low-level exposure.MethodsChildren, aged 5–8 years, were enrolled into the Salud Ambiental Montevideo study during 2009–2013 from schools in Montevideo, Uruguay. Participants reported water intake as part of two 24-h dietary recalls. Concentrations of arsenic were measured in first morning void urine samples, and adjusted for urinary specific gravity. Lead concentrations were measured in venous blood samples. Drinking water samples were collected from participants’ homes and toxicant concentrations measured. Data analyses involved a triangulation approach. First, multivariable linear regressions estimated the associations between toxicant exposure through drinking water, calculated for each child as the product of water intake and water toxicant concentration, and the respective toxicant biomarker concentrations among children with complete data on all variables (Sample A; n = 40). Second, regressions were repeated for participants with complete data on all variables except water intakes (Sample B; n = 195), after water intakes were imputed. Finally, models were constructed for participants of Sample B (n = 195) based on drinking water intakes assumed to be fixed at 25th, 50th, 75th percentile intakes of participants in sample A.ResultsToxicant exposure via drinking water intake was low. The triangulation approach revealed no associations between toxicant exposure through household water intake and the respective toxicant biomarker concentrations.ConclusionStudies with larger samples and repeated measures are needed to confirm these findings. Nevertheless, it appears that at low water toxicant concentrations, typical water consumption is not a major contributor to children's exposure.
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