The Onward Sweep of Social Capital: Causes and Consequences for Understanding Cities, Communities and Urban Movements
The Onward Sweep of Social Capital: Causes and Consequences for Understanding Cities, Communities and Urban Movements
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社会资本的进一步席卷：理解城市、社区和城市运动的原因和后果
DOI：
10.1111/1468-2427.00435
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Mayer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Mayer
本文探讨了研究人员和实践者在城市运动和社区发展领域部署“社会资本”的方式。它揭示了这一概念在构建当代地方国家与社会关系的重构中所发挥的强大且在许多方面有效的作用，这种关系尤其影响着第三部门或志愿部门的发展轨迹。本文指出了“社会资本”观点所对应的差距和弱点，从而解释了为什么它在城市发展话语中如此重要。然而，它自身的盲点和模糊性限制了我们对当代城市变化的理解。通过优先考虑特定形式的公民参与（而忽视其他形式），这一概念以一种独特的方式过滤了当代公民社会、国家和市场关系的重构，这有利于支持市场力量向资本无法触及的领域扩散。通过关注不同社区的自我激活潜力，无论是以富裕志愿者的公民参与形式，还是以边缘化群体的激活/重新融入（进入低工资劳动力市场）的形式，这种新的话语不仅在当前减轻地方（福利）国家负担的努力中发挥着至关重要的作用，而且在市场力量向新领域的扩张中也发挥着至关重要的作用。版权所有联合编辑和 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2003。
This article examines the way 'social capital' has been deployed by researchers and practitioners in the field of urban movements and community development. It reveals the powerful and in many ways effective role the concept is playing in framing the contemporary reconfigurations of local state-society relations which impact especially on the trajectory of third or voluntary sector development. The article identifies the gaps and weaknesses the 'social capital' perspective responds to, thereby explaining why it looms so large within the urban development discourse. Its own blind spots and ambiguities, however, limit our understanding of contemporary urban change. By prioritizing specific forms of civic engagement (and neglecting others), the concept filters the contemporary reconfigurations in the relationship of civil society, state and market in a peculiar way, which is conducive to supporting the spread of market forces to areas so far beyond the reach of capital. By directing attention to the self-activation potential of different communities, whether in the form of civic engagement of well-to-do volunteers or in the form of activation/reinsertion (into the low-wage labour market) of the marginalized, this new discourse plays a crucial role not only in current efforts to unburden the local (welfare) state, but also in the expansion of market forces into new areas. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2003.