Historical Patterns and Drivers of Spatial Changes in Recreational Fishing Activity in Puget Sound, Washington
Historical Patterns and Drivers of Spatial Changes in Recreational Fishing Activity in Puget Sound, Washington
复制标题
华盛顿州普吉特海湾休闲钓鱼活动空间变化的历史模式和驱动因素
作者：
A. Beaudreau;Emily J. Whitney
小规模渔业是许多沿海鱼类种群的主要用户;然而，沿海海洋生态系统中休闲和自给性捕捞的空间和时间模式却没有得到充分的记录。关于捕鱼活动空间分布的知识可以为基于地点的管理提供信息，这种管理可以在物种养护与娱乐和生计机会之间取得平衡。我们使用了参与式绘图的方法来记录80船为基础的休闲垂钓者从1950年至2010年在普吉湾，华盛顿，美国的空间捕鱼模式的变化。手工绘制的鲑鱼，岩鱼，比目鱼和螃蟹的捕鱼区进行了数字化和分析的地理信息系统。我们发现，自20世纪50年代以来，休闲捕鱼已经跨越了普吉湾的大部分地区，最严重的使用仅限于普吉湾中部和北方的小区域。人们仍然在几十年前的同一个地方捕鱼，尽管世纪后半叶鲑鱼和底鱼的数量普遍下降，但具体地点的变化相对较小。虽然核心捕鱼区的位置保持不变，但这些区域的面积和使用强度随着时间的推移而变化。鲑鱼的捕捞面积在2000年代增加，但在20世纪70年代和80年代后，岩鱼、比目鱼和螃蟹的捕捞面积下降。我们的研究结果表明，20世纪60年代后，休闲底鱼捕捞的空间范围有所增加，当时机动船只和先进的寻鱼技术的出现使钓鱼者能够将范围扩大到码头和船库的局部钓鱼之外。受访者提供了一个广泛的原因，随着时间的推移，在捕鱼区的变化，反映了动机和行为的重大个体差异。尽管自1970年以来实施了至少25个海洋保护区，但捕鱼区的变化最常见的原因是栖息地的变化和目标物种的减少，与渔业条例的关系最小。
Small-scale fisheries are the primary users of many coastal fish stocks; yet, spatial and temporal patterns of recreational and subsistence fishing in coastal marine ecosystems are poorly documented. Knowledge about the spatial distribution of fishing activities can inform place-based management that balances species conservation with opportunities for recreation and subsistence. We used a participatory mapping approach to document changes in spatial fishing patterns of 80 boat-based recreational anglers from 1950 to 2010 in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Hand-drawn fishing areas for salmon, rockfishes, flatfishes, and crabs were digitized and analyzed in a Geographic Information System. We found that recreational fishing has spanned the majority of Puget Sound since the 1950s, with the heaviest use limited to small areas of central and northern Puget Sound. People are still fishing in the same places they were decades ago, with relatively little change in specific locations despite widespread declines in salmon and bottomfish populations during the second half of the 20th century. While the location of core fishing areas remained consistent, the size of those areas and intensity of use changed over time. The size of fishing areas increased through the 2000s for salmon but declined after the 1970s and 1980s for rockfishes, flatfishes, and crabs. Our results suggest that the spatial extent of recreational bottomfishing increased after the 1960s, when the availability of motorized vessels and advanced fish-finding technologies allowed anglers to expand their scope beyond localized angling from piers and boathouses. Respondents offered a wide range of reasons for shifts in fishing areas over time, reflecting substantial individual variation in motivations and behaviors. Changes in fishing areas were most commonly attributed to changes in residence and declines in target species and least tied to fishery regulations, despite the implementation of at least 25 marine preserves since 1970.