The historical record of air pollution as defined by attic dust
The historical record of air pollution as defined by attic dust
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DOI：
10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00126-2
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Lioy, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ilacqua, V;Freeman, NCJ;Lioy, PJ
在这项研究中，未受干扰的阁楼灰尘作为重建历史空气污染的工具进行了评估。从新泽西建于1879年至1995年的201所房屋的阁楼收集的灰尘进行了分析，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法验证该方法的使用。结果与阁楼灰尘中铅浓度的估计模式相匹配，该模式基于铅汽油消耗和向环境空气中排放的历史数据。尽管在这样的比较中隐含着许多不确定性，但在阁楼灰尘中发现的铅浓度模式在大约10年的时间间隔内近似于铅排放到空气中的时间过程。Cs-137的浓度进行了测量，在阁楼灰尘样本使用伽马光谱法，以调查当地来源污染环境空气的可能性在多佛镇，新泽西州。多佛镇和新泽西州其他地方的阁楼之间的（137）铯浓度没有统计学差异。在所有地点测得的Cs-137浓度被发现随着房子的年龄增加。观测到的Cs-137浓度对房屋年龄的依赖性主要可以用1950年代和1960年代地面核武器试验随时间推移而发生的放射性核素沉降物的模式来解释。(C)2003爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
The use of undisturbed attic dust as a tool for reconstructing historical air pollution was evaluated in this study. Dust collected from the attic of 201 houses in New Jersey, built between 1879 and 1995, was analyzed for lead with ICP-MS to validate the use of this method. The results were matched to an estimated pattern of the lead concentrations in attic dust, that was based upon historical data on lead gasoline consumption and emissions into the ambient air. In spite of the numerous uncertainties implied in such a comparison, the pattern of lead concentrations found in the attic dust approximated, within intervals of about 10 years, the time course of the lead emissions into the air. Cs-137 concentrations were measured in the attic dust samples using gamma spectrometry to investigate the possibility of a local source contaminating the ambient air in Dover Township, NJ. No statistical differences in (137)Cesium concentrations were found between the attics in Dover Township and other locations in NJ. The Cs-137 concentrations measured in all locations were found to increase with the age of the house. The observed dependence of Cs-137 concentrations on the age of the house could be explained primarily by the patterns of radionuclide fallout that has occurred over time because of above ground nuclear weapons testing during the 1950s and 1960s. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.