How many bird extinctions have we prevented?
How many bird extinctions have we prevented?
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DOI：
10.1017/s0030605306000950
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Collar, Nigel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butchart, Stuart H. M.;Stattersfield, Alison J.;Collar, Nigel J.
近年来，为保护生物多样性投入了大量的资源和努力，但衡量保护方案成功与否的尺度有限。根据1994-2004年期间实施的种群规模、趋势、威胁过程以及保护行动的性质和强度等信息，我们评估了16种鸟类在此期间可能已经灭绝，如果没有对它们进行保护计划的话。在1994-2004年期间，这16个物种的平均最小种群规模从34个增加到147个繁殖个体。在1994年，63%的国家人口减少，但到2004年，81%的国家人口增加。这些物种中的大多数（63%）都生活在岛屿上。导致其减少的主要威胁是栖息地丧失和退化（88%），入侵物种（50%）和开发（38%），这与其他受威胁物种的模式相似，但开发和入侵物种相对更重要。开展的主要行动是生境保护和管理（75%的物种）、控制入侵物种（50%）和圈养繁殖和释放（33%）。这16个物种仅占目前被列为极度濒危物种的8.9%，占濒临灭绝物种的1.3%。在1994年至2004年期间，这些新增物种中有许多濒临灭绝，其中包括164种，它们的状况恶化到足以在IUCN红色名录（IUCN，2006）上被列入更高的灭绝风险类别。需要大大加强努力，以防止今后几十年发生更多的自杀事件。实现这一目标的知识和工具是现成的，但我们需要调动资源和政治意愿来应用它们。
Considerable resources and efforts have been directed at biodiversity conservation in recent years, but measures of the success of conservation programmes have been limited. Based on information on population sizes, trends, threatening processes and the nature and intensity of conservation actions implemented during 1994-2004, we assessed that 16 bird species would have probably become extinct during this period if conservation programmes for them had not been undertaken. The mean minimum population size of these 16 species increased from 34 to 147 breeding individuals during 1994-2004. In 1994, 63% of them had declining populations but by 2004, 81% were increasing. Most of these species (63%) are found on islands. The principal threats that led to their decline were habitat loss and degradation (88%), invasive species (50%) and exploitation (38%), a pattern similar to that for other threatened species, but with exploitation and invasive species being relatively more important. The principal actions carried out were habitat protection and management (75% of species), control of invasive species (50%), and captive breeding and release (33%). The 16 species represent only 8.9% of those currently classified as Critically Endangered, and 1.3% of those threatened with extinction. Many of these additional species slipped closer to extinction during 1994-2004, including 164 that deteriorated in status sufficiently to be uplisted to higher categories of extinction risk on the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2006). Efforts need to be considerably scaled up to prevent many more extinctions in the coming decades. The knowledge and tools to achieve this are available, but we need to mobilize the resources and political will to apply them.