Mammalian epigenomics: reprogramming the genome for development and therapy
Mammalian epigenomics: reprogramming the genome for development and therapy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0093-691x(02)01269-4
复制
发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Dean, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reik, W;Santos, F;Dean, W
DNA和染色质的表观遗传修饰对于发育期间和成人中的基因组功能是重要的。DNA和染色质修饰对于基因组印记和基因表达的表观遗传控制的其他方面具有核心重要性。在体细胞谱系中，修饰通常被稳定地维持，并且是不同特化组织的特征。哺乳动物基因组在生殖细胞和早期胚胎中经历了主要的修改模式重编程。一些参与维持和重编程的因素，如甲基转移酶，正在被确定。表观遗传重编程在动物克隆中存在缺陷，这是克隆过程效率低下的主要原因。重编程缺陷可能是表观突变和表观遗传发生的基础。环境因素可以改变表观遗传修饰，因此可能对表型产生长期影响。表观基因组学的方法正在开发目录基因组修改在正常和病理条件下。表观遗传工程很可能在未来的医学中发挥重要作用。(C)2002年爱思唯尔科学公司All rights reserved.
Epigenetic modifications of DNA and chromatin are important for genome function during development and in adults. DNA and chromatin modifications have central importance for genomic imprinting and other aspects of epigenetic control of gene expression. In somatic lineages, modifications are generally stably maintained and are characteristic of different specialized tissues. The mammalian genome undergoes major reprogramming of modification patterns in germ cells and in the early embryo. Some of the factors that are involved both in maintenance and in reprogramming, such as methyltransferases, are being identified. Epigenetic reprogramming is deficient in animal cloning, which is a major explanation for the inefficiency of the cloning procedure. Deficiencies in reprogramming are likely to underlie the occurrence of epimutations and of epigenetic inheritance. Environmental factors can alter epigenetic modifications and may thus have long-lasting effects on phenotype. Epigenomics methods are being developed to catalogue genome modifications under normal and pathological conditions. Epigenetic engineering is likely to play an important role in medicine in the future. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.