OVERCOMING CONTEXTUAL LIMITATIONS ON PROBLEM-SOLVING TRANSFER
OVERCOMING CONTEXTUAL LIMITATIONS ON PROBLEM-SOLVING TRANSFER
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.15.6.1147
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发表时间：
1989-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
HOLYOAK, KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CATRAMBONE, R;HOLYOAK, KJ
五个实验研究从多个类似物转移到一个表面上不同的目标问题。当受试者明确地比较类似物，然后立即尝试在单个实验的背景下解决目标问题时，即使没有类似物和目标相关的暗示，也能以显著的频率获得转移。当源类比和目标类比出现在不同的语境中时，即使迁移测试是即时的，预暗示迁移也会急剧减少或消除。然而，当满足以下条件时，即使在上下文转移和阅读源类比和解决问题之间长达一周的延迟之后，预暗示转移也得到了增强：目标问题稍微改写以强调它与类比共享的结构特征;提供三个而不是两个源类比;详细的、以图式为导向的问题被用来帮助受试者关注故事中与问题相关的方面。虽然少量的不同的类似物之间的自发转移是很难获得的，它可以通过操作，促进抽象的问题模式从训练的例子。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Five experiments investigated transfer from multiple analogs to a superficially dissimilar target problem. When subjects explicitly compared the analogs and then immediately attempted to solve the target problem in the context of a single experiment, transfer was obtained with significant frequency even without a hint that the analogs and target were related. Prehint transfer was sharply reduced or eliminated when the source analogs and the target were presented in different contexts, even when the transfer test was immediate. However, prehint transfer was enhanced, even after a context shift and a week-long delay between reading the source analogs and solving the problem, when the following conditions were met: The target problem was reworded slightly to emphasize a structural feature that it shared with the analogs; three rather than two source analogs were provided; and detailed, schema-oriented questions were used to help subjects focus on the problem-relevant aspects of the stories. Although spontaneous transfer between small numbers of dissimilar analogs is difficult to obtain, it can be achieved by manipulations that foster abstraction of a problem schema from the training examples.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)