Failures: Diffusion, Learning, and Policy Abandonment
Failures: Diffusion, Learning, and Policy Abandonment
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失败：扩散、学习和政策放弃
DOI：
10.1177/1532440015588910
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
C. Volden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Volden
对政策传播的研究往往侧重于在政府间成功传播的创新。这种扩散隐含着放弃以前的政策。然而，人们对政府是否会放弃在其他地方失败的政策知之甚少，这与国家作为政策实验室不仅是为了政策的成功，也是为了政策的失败是一致的。这篇文章的重点是在美国50个州的贫困家庭临时援助（TANF）计划的形成期（1997-2002年）可能放弃失败的福利工作政策。使用基于二元的事件历史分析，我发现，如果两个国家在一对有一个政策和一个国家的政策失败（在雇用福利受助人，减少福利卷，或降低整体贫困率），那么其他国家更有可能放弃失败的政策。此外，当各州在意识形态上彼此相似时，当潜在学习州的立法机构更专业时，这种从另一个州的经验中学习的情况更常见。
Studies of the diffusion of policies tend to focus on innovations that successfully spread across governments. Implicit in such diffusion is the abandonment of the previous policy. Yet little is known about whether governments abandon policies that have failed elsewhere, as would be consistent with states acting as policy laboratories not only for policy successes but also for failures. This article focuses on the possible abandonment of failing welfare-to-work policies in the formative years (1997–2002) of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program across the 50 U.S. states. Using a dyad-based event history analysis, I find that, if both states in a pairing have a policy and one state's policy fails (in employing welfare recipients, reducing welfare rolls, or reducing overall poverty rates), then the other state is much more likely to abandon that failing policy. Moreover, such learning from the other state's experience is more common when the states are ideologically similar to one another and when the legislature in the potentially learning state is more professional.