An integration of photosynthetic traits and mechanisms that can increase crop photosynthesis and grain production
An integration of photosynthetic traits and mechanisms that can increase crop photosynthesis and grain production
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00020427
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Angelov, MN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Black, CC;Tu, ZP;Angelov, MN
我们提出的假设是，在光合作用过程中，潜在的有害和有益的光化学诱导的事件之间的平衡，可以倾斜有利于增加光合作用，提高作物产量。为了验证这一假设，人们设计了一种水稻的方法，这种方法可以提高水稻的冠层光合作用和水稻产量。在华南或得克萨斯州的对比环境中独立选择的两个精英水稻品种，每个品种都具有不同的光合特性，杂交产生一个杂交种，其冠层光合作用和谷物产量增加，通常比亲本的中等产量高20%至22%。杂交水稻的光合特性和机制可能有助于这些有益的结果是：减少光合作用的午休，光合光截获和增加冠层光合作用的快速发展，叶黄素循环中类胡萝卜素的增加，百草枯处理诱导的对自由基的保护增强，植物生殖生命周期缩短6 - 12天，旗叶寿命比亲本延长8 - 10天。虽然杂交水稻已经成功地整合了这些和其他可能的未知特性，以增加作物光合作用和粮食产量，我们建议，了解支持这些作物植物性状的潜在有益光合机制是值得深入研究和应用于作物生产。
The hypothesis we propose is that during photosynthesis the balance between potentially detrimental and beneficial photochemically induced events can be tipped beneficially toward increased photosynthesis and toward increased crop yield. To test this hypothesis a procedure has been devised with the rice plant, Oryza sativa, that has resulted in increasing both canopy photosynthesis and rice grain yield. Two elite rice varieties selected independently in the contrasting environments of either South China or Texas, each with distinct photosynthetic traits, were crossed to produce a hybrid with an increased canopy photosynthesis and grain yield that is regularly 20 to 22% higher than the mid-yields of the parents. The photosynthetic traits and mechanisms which may contribute to these beneficial results in the hybrid rice are: a reduction of the midday depression of photosynthesis; a rapid development of the canopy for photosynthetic light interception and an increased canopy photosynthesis; increased amounts of carotenoids for the xanthophyll cycle; an increased protection against free radicals induced by paraquat treatment; a 6 to 12 day shorter plant reproductive life cycle; and a 8 to 10 day increase in the longevity of the flag leaf over the parents. While the hybrid rice has successfully integrated these and likely other unknown characteristics to increase both crop photosynthesis and grain yield, we propose that understanding the underlying beneficial photosynthetic mechanisms supporting these crop plant traits is worthy of thorough investigation and application in crop production.