Effects of carbohydrate addition on production in extensive shrimp culture systems
Effects of carbohydrate addition on production in extensive shrimp culture systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.07.002
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发表时间：
2004-11-26
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Verdegem, MCJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hari, B;Kurup, BM;Verdegem, MCJ
通过一个室内试验和一个现场试验，评估了在广泛类型的对虾养殖系统中通过向水柱中添加碳水化合物来控制碳/氮比（C/N比）的效果。在室内试验中，在1200 ~（-1）容量的纤维增强塑料池中饲养6只斑节对虾幼虾（0.357 ± 0.01 g）m ~（-2），比较了25%和40%饲料蛋白（P25和P40）加或不加碳水化合物源（P25 +CH和P40+ CH）的效果。在250 m2土池中，用25%的饲料蛋白质和碳水化合物（“P25 + CH”）和40%的饲料蛋白质（“P40”）饲养了6尾斑节对虾（Pmonodonm（-2））仔虾。在两个实验中，木薯粉用作碳水化合物源并施加到水柱，然后在白天进行第一次喂食。在两个试验中，添加碳水化合物显著（P < 0.001）降低了水体和沉积物中的总氨氮（TAN）。水体和沉积物中异养细菌总数均显著增加（P < 0.05）。在室内试验中，“P25”组对虾的特定生长率（SGR）低于其他组，饲料转化率（FCR）高于其他组（P < 0.05）。在农场试验中，与“P40”（44.79 g m（-2））相比，“P25+CH”（64.43 g m（-2））的虾产量更高（p < 0.001）。“P25+CH”组FCR值低于“P40”组（P < 0.05）。在两个试验中，“P25+CH”处理的氮存留率和蛋白质效率都显著高于其他处理（P < 0.001）。对虾的存活率不受处理的影响（P > 0.05）。在田间试验中，“P25+CH”处理比“P40”处理的效益成本比高（1.3比0.2），利润增加400%。与“P40”相比，“P25+CH”处理的饲料成本降低了35%，虾的收入增加了54%。通过在池塘水体中添加碳水化合物源来控制C/N比，在三个方面有利于广泛的对虾养殖实践：（1）增加异养细菌的生长，提供细菌蛋白，以增加对虾产量;（2）减少对补充饲料蛋白的需求，从而降低饲料成本;（3）降低池塘和废水中的有毒无机氮水平。(C)2004 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
One indoor and one on-farm trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of control of carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) by addition of carbohydrate to the water column in extensive types of shrimp culture systems. In the indoor experiment, 25% and 40% dietary protein ('P25' and 'P40') with or without carbohydrate source addition ('P25+CH' and 'P40+CH') were compared in fiber reinforced plastic tanks of 1200-1 capacity stocked with 6 Penaeus monodon juveniles (0.357 +/- 0.01 g) m(-2). In the on-farm trial, 25% dietary protein with carbohydrate ('P25+CH') and 40% dietary protein ('P40') were compared in 250-m(2) earthen ponds stocked with 6 post-larvae of P monodon m(-2). Tapioca flour was used as carbohydrate source and applied to the water column followed by the first feeding during the day in both experiments. The addition of carbohydrate significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in the water and sediment in both experiments. It significantly (P < 0.05) increased the total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) population both in water column and sediment. In the indoor experiments, lower specific growth rate (SGR) and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) values were recorded in the 'P25' treatment compared to shrimps in other treatments (P < 0.05). Higher shrimp yield was recorded in 'P25+CH' (64.43 g m(-2)) when compared to 'P40' (44.79 g m(-2)) (p < 0.001) in the on-farm trial. The FCR value was lower (P < 0.05) in the 'P25+CH' treatment than in the 'P40' treatment. The nitrogen retention (%) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were higher (P < 0.001) in the 'P25+CH' treatment when compared to other treatments in both experiments. Survival of the shrimps was not affected by treatment (P > 0.05). In the on-farm trial the benefit cost ratio was higher in 'P25+CH' treatment than 'P40' (1.3 against 0.2) and the profit increased 400% in 'P25+CH' treatment. A 35% reduction of feed cost and 54% increase in the revenue from shrimp was recorded in the 'P25+CH' treatment when compared to the 'P40'. Control of C/N ratio by the addition of a carbohydrate source to the pond water column benefited the extensive shrimp culture practices in three ways (1) increased heterotrophic bacterial growth supplying bacterial protein to augment the shrimp production, (2) reduced demand for supplemental feed protein and subsequent reduction in feed cost and (3) reduced toxic inorganic nitrogen levels in the pond as well as effluents. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.