Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Care: Content Analysis of Social Media
Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Care: Content Analysis of Social Media
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DOI：
10.2196/preprints.16649
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Shuqing Gao;Lingnan He;Yue-Juan Chen;Dan Li;Kaisheng Lai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shuqing Gao;Lingnan He;Yue-Juan Chen;Dan Li;Kaisheng Lai
高质量的医疗资源在全球范围内需求量很大，人工智能（AI）在医疗保健中的应用可能有助于缓解与这种短缺相关的危机。医疗AI行业的发展，在一定程度上取决于行业专家是否全面了解公众对医疗AI的看法。目前，公众对此事的看法仍不明朗。目的通过对社交媒体数据的内容分析，探讨公众对人工智能在医疗领域的认知，包括公众关注的特定话题、公众对人工智能在医疗领域的态度及其原因，以及公众对人工智能能否取代人类医生的看法。方法通过应用程序编程接口，我们收集了2017年1月至12月新浪微博平台上超过1600万用户的所有公开帖子的数据集。基于这个数据集，我们识别了2315个与医疗AI相关的帖子，并通过内容分析对它们进行了分类。结果在2315个识别出的帖子中，我们发现平台上讨论的AI主题有三种类型：（1）技术和应用（n=987，42.63%），（2）行业发展（n=706，30.50%）和（3）对社会的影响（n=622，26.87%）。在表达公众态度的956个帖子中，分别有59.4%（n=568）、34.4%（n=329）和6.2%（n=59）的帖子表达了积极、中立和消极的态度。人工智能技术的不成熟（27/59，46%）和对相关公司的不信任（n=15，25%）是消极态度的两个主要原因。在200篇提到公众对人工智能取代人类医生的态度的帖子中，分别有47.5%（n=95）和32.5%（n=65）的帖子表示人工智能将完全或部分取代人类医生。相比之下，20.0%（n=40）的帖子表示AI不会取代人类医生。结论我们的研究结果表明，人们最关心的是人工智能技术和应用。总的来说，大多数人持积极态度，认为人工智能医生将完全或部分取代人类医生。与之前对医学医生的研究相比，普通公众对医疗AI的态度更加积极。对人工智能缺乏信任，人文关怀因素缺失，是部分人对医疗人工智能仍持否定态度的根本原因。我们建议，从业者可能需要更多地关注提高技术公司的信誉和满足患者的情感需求，而不是仅仅关注技术问题。
Background High-quality medical resources are in high demand worldwide, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical care may help alleviate the crisis related to this shortage. The development of the medical AI industry depends to a certain extent on whether industry experts have a comprehensive understanding of the public’s views on medical AI. Currently, the opinions of the general public on this matter remain unclear. Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the public perception of AI in medical care through a content analysis of social media data, including specific topics that the public is concerned about; public attitudes toward AI in medical care and the reasons for them; and public opinion on whether AI can replace human doctors. Methods Through an application programming interface, we collected a data set from the Sina Weibo platform comprising more than 16 million users throughout China by crawling all public posts from January to December 2017. Based on this data set, we identified 2315 posts related to AI in medical care and classified them through content analysis. Results Among the 2315 identified posts, we found three types of AI topics discussed on the platform: (1) technology and application (n=987, 42.63%), (2) industry development (n=706, 30.50%), and (3) impact on society (n=622, 26.87%). Out of 956 posts where public attitudes were expressed, 59.4% (n=568), 34.4% (n=329), and 6.2% (n=59) of the posts expressed positive, neutral, and negative attitudes, respectively. The immaturity of AI technology (27/59, 46%) and a distrust of related companies (n=15, 25%) were the two main reasons for the negative attitudes. Across 200 posts that mentioned public attitudes toward replacing human doctors with AI, 47.5% (n=95) and 32.5% (n=65) of the posts expressed that AI would completely or partially replace human doctors, respectively. In comparison, 20.0% (n=40) of the posts expressed that AI would not replace human doctors. Conclusions Our findings indicate that people are most concerned about AI technology and applications. Generally, the majority of people held positive attitudes and believed that AI doctors would completely or partially replace human ones. Compared with previous studies on medical doctors, the general public has a more positive attitude toward medical AI. Lack of trust in AI and the absence of the humanistic care factor are essential reasons why some people still have a negative attitude toward medical AI. We suggest that practitioners may need to pay more attention to promoting the credibility of technology companies and meeting patients’ emotional needs instead of focusing merely on technical issues.