The plasma and tissue kininogen-kallikrein-kinin system: Role in the cardiovascular system
The plasma and tissue kininogen-kallikrein-kinin system: Role in the cardiovascular system
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DOI:
10.2174/1568016052773351
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发表时间:
2005-01-05
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Antunes, E.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marcondes, S.;Antunes, E.
Bradykinin and Lys-bradykinin are potent peptide mediators implicated in several physiopathological effects in mammals. They act through activation of G-protein-coupled constitutive B-2 or inducible kinin B-1 receptors linked to signaling pathways involving increased intracellular Ca++ concentrations and/or release of mediaters including arachidonic acid metabolites, NO and EDHF. In the cardiovascular system, the kallikrein-kinin system exerts a fine control of vascular smooth muscle tone and arterial blood pressure, and plays a significant cardioprotective effect. This has been lately confirmed in experimental studies employing transgenic mice overexpressing human tissue kallikrein and animals with knockout of kinin B-1 and B-2 receptor gene. Disturbances in this system are associated with arterial hypertension, myocardial ischaemia and other clinical complications. Inhibitors of kininase II (angiotensin-converting enzyme) have been prescribed successfully to patients with cardiovascular diseases, but there is still a great interest in developing drugs or pharmaco logical strategies that augment the activity of kininogen-kallikrein-kinin system in pathological conditions. Delivery of adenovirus vector containing the human tissue kallikrein gene (gene kallikrein therapy) has emerged as a great potential to satisfy these conditions. This review provides a summary of plasma and tissue kallikrein-kinin system, focusing on the pharmacological properties, kinin receptors and drugs reported to interfere with their actions. The modulatory effects of the kallikrein-kinin system on cardiovascular system, particularly in regulating smooth muscle tone. and arterial blood pressure and in preventing myocardium ischaemia have also been explored in the review.