Developmental Pathways in Yeast
Developmental Pathways in Yeast
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酵母的发育途径
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Hicks
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Klar;J. Strathern;J. Hicks
细胞类型引入的控制在某种程度上，发育必须始终依赖于一些基因的正确表达顺序。这一假说的推论是，基因库的协调控制可以通过一个共同的调控效应来完成。这种水平的基因控制通过在酵母菌中观察到的三种不同细胞类型的功能调控来例证：两种交配型被称为a和α，以及非交配型，产孢型被称为a / α。虽然许多发育调控基因已经在高等真核生物中被表征，但它们最终被控制的方式尚不清楚。从克隆的结构基因追溯其组织特异性表达的调控途径是一项艰巨的任务。然而，在酿酒酵母中，分子克隆结合遗传分析已经揭示了从主调控基因到构成每种特定细胞类型的结构基因的几乎整个途径。在它们的生命周期中，酵母菌以类似于低等植物的方式在单倍体和二倍体阶段之间进行世代交替。这个过程涉及三种不同的细胞类型：两种交配能力强的配子体类型，称为a和α，以及非交配能力强的产孢能力强的类型，称为a / α。单倍体和二倍体通常都是通过有丝分裂和出芽生长的。它们的性行为是由一个被称为MAT的单一基因位点的状态所控制的。MAT可以存在于两种等位基因状态，MAT和MAT。
CONTROL OF CELL TYPE Introduction At some level, development must always rely on the proper sequence of expression of a number of genes. Corollary to this working hypothesis is the concept that coordinate control of a bank of genes may be accomplished through a common regulatory effector. This level of gene control is exemplified by the regulation of functions involved in the determination of the three different cell types observed in Saccharomyces yeasts: the two mating-proficient types known as a and α and the nonmating, sporulation-proficient type known as a / α . Although many developmentally regulated genes have been characterized in higher eukaryotes, the means by which they are ultimately controlled are not known. It is an arduous task to trace the pathway of regulation from a cloned structural gene back to the event that initiated its tissue-specific expression. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, however, molecular cloning coupled with genetic analysis has revealed nearly the entire pathway from the master regulatory genes to the structural genes comprising each specific cell type. In their life cycles, Saccharomyces yeasts undergo an alternation of generation between haploid and diploid phases in a fashion similar to that in lower plants. This process involves three distinct cell types: two mating-proficient, gametic types known as a and α and the nonmating, sporulation-proficient type known as a / α . Both haploid and diploid normally grow vegetatively by mitosis and budding. Their sexual behavior is governed by the state of a single genetic locus called MAT. MAT can exist in two allelic states, MAT a ...