Sources and sinks of carbon from land-use change in China
Sources and sinks of carbon from land-use change in China
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DOI：
10.1029/2002gb001970
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发表时间：
2003-04-09
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Hackler, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Houghton, RA;Hackler, JL
[1]土地利用的变化对目前北方中纬度大部分地区的陆地碳汇有贡献，但对世界第三大国家中国的记录却很少。我们试图重建中国过去300年的土地利用变化，重点是森林面积的变化。耕地面积的变化不足以重建森林损失，因为长期损失的森林面积是目前耕地面积的两倍多。我们使用历史信息来重建森林面积随时间的变化，并使用生态文献来估计主要自然生态系统（植被和土壤）的碳储量。我们使用簿记模型来计算不同类型土地利用下的活植被、死植被、土壤和木材产品的碳通量。根据这些数据和假设，1700年至2000年期间，损失了180（范围：80-200）x 10（6）公顷的森林，并向大气中释放了17-33 PgC。约25%的损失来自土壤。中国东北部和西南部森林的加速砍伐导致碳排放量在20世纪50年代末到70年代达到0.2-0.5 PgC yr（-1）的峰值。自那时以来，森林砍伐率降低，植树面积扩大，扭转了1990年代从源到汇的碳净通量。
[1] Changes in land use contribute to the current terrestrial carbon sink in most regions of the northern midlatitudes but are poorly documented for China, the world's third largest country. We attempted to reconstruct the last 300 years of land-use change in China, emphasizing changes in the area of forests. Changes in the area of croplands were inadequate for reconstruction of forest loss because the long-term loss of forest area was more than twice the current area of croplands. We used historical information to reconstruct changes in forest area over time and the ecological literature to estimate the carbon stocks of the major natural ecosystems (vegetation and soil). We used a bookkeeping model to calculate the flux of carbon to or from living vegetation, dead vegetation, soils, and wood products under different types of land use. According to the data and assumptions, 180 ( range: 80-200) x 10(6) ha of forest were lost, and 17-33 PgC were released to the atmosphere between 1700 and 2000. About 25% of the loss was from soils. The accelerated clearing and logging of forests in northeastern and southwestern China led to emissions of carbon that reached peaks of 0.2-0.5 PgC yr(-1) from the late 1950s through the 1970s. Lower rates of deforestation since then, as well as expanding areas of tree plantations, reversed the net flux of carbon from a source to a sink during the 1990s.