A roll-to-roll process to flexible polymer solar cells: model studies, manufacture and operational stability studies
A roll-to-roll process to flexible polymer solar cells: model studies, manufacture and operational stability studies
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DOI：
10.1039/b823001c
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alstrup, Jan
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文献类型：
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作者：
Krebs, Frederik C.;Gevorgyan, Suren A.;Alstrup, Jan
倒置聚合物太阳能电池的几何形状，包括总共五个层进行了优化，使用实验室规模的电池和模型大气下的操作稳定性进行了研究。器件的几何形状是衬底-ITO-ZnO-（活性层）-PEDOT：PSS-银，P3 HT-PCBM作为活性层。将倒置的器件与具有正常几何形状的模型器件进行比较，其中层的顺序是衬底-ITO-PEDOT：PSS-（有源层）-铝。在这两种情况下，照明都是通过基板的，这要求它是透明的。两种器件类型均优化为2.7%的功率转换效率（1000 W m（-2），AM 1.5G，72 +/- 2摄氏度）。这些器械在光照下操作，同时暴露于不同的大气环境中，以确定主要的降解模式。采用干燥氮气（99.999%）、干燥氧气（99.5%）、潮湿氮气（90 +/- 5%相对湿度）和环境大气（20%氧气，20 +/- 5%相对湿度），发现两种器械类型在200小时的测试期间在氮气气氛中稳定。其中采用铝电极的具有正常几何形状的装置在干燥氧气中给出稳定的操作，但在存在湿度的情况下不给出稳定的装置操作。倒置的器件表现相反，其中反应性较低的银电极在湿度存在下提供稳定的操作，但在氧气存在下稳定性差。然后，倒置模型装置被用于开发一种新的工艺，该工艺完全通过从具有铟锡氧化物（ITO）层的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）基板开始的溶液处理来获得完全卷对卷（R2 R）处理的聚合物太阳能电池。所有处理在空气中进行，没有真空涂覆步骤，并且包括八个串联连接的电池的模块对于具有120 cm（2）有效面积（AM 1.5G，393 W m（-2））的完整模块给出高达2.1%的功率转换效率，并且对于具有4.8 cm（2）有效面积（AM 1.5G，1000 W m（-2））的模块给出高达2.3%的功率转换效率。
An inverted polymer solar cell geometry comprising a total of five layers was optimized using laboratory scale cells and the operational stability was studied under model atmospheres. The device geometry was substrate-ITO-ZnO-(active layer)-PEDOT: PSS-silver with P3HT-PCBM as the active layer. The inverted devices were compared to model devices with a normal geometry where the order of the layers was substrate-ITO-PEDOT: PSS-(active layer)-aluminium. In both cases illumination was through the substrate which requires that it is transparent. Both device types were optimized to a power conversion efficiency of 2.7% (1000 W m(-2), AM1.5G, 72 +/- 2 degrees C). The devices were operated under illumination while being subjected to different atmospheres to identify the dominant modes of degradation. Dry nitrogen (99.999%), dry oxygen (99.5%), humid nitrogen (90 +/- 5% relative humidity) and ambient atmosphere (20% oxygen, 20 +/- 5% relative humidity) were employed and both device types were found to be stable in a nitrogen atmosphere during the test period of 200 hours. The devices with a normal geometry where an aluminium electrode is employed gave stable operation in dry oxygen but did not give stable device operation in the presence of humidity. The inverted devices behaved oppositely where the less reactive silver electrode gave stable operation in the presence of humidity but poor stability in the presence of oxygen. The inverted model device was then used to develop a new process giving access to fully roll-to-roll (R2R) processed polymer solar cells entirely by solution processing starting from a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrate with a layer of indium-tin-oxide (ITO). All processing was performed in air without vacuum coating steps and modules comprising eight serially connected cells gave power conversion efficiencies as high as 2.1% for the full module with 120 cm(2) active area (AM1.5G, 393 W m(-2)) and up to 2.3% for modules with 4.8 cm(2) active area (AM1.5G, 1000 W m(-2)).