Normative misperceptions and temporal precedence of perceived norms and drinking
Normative misperceptions and temporal precedence of perceived norms and drinking
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DOI：
10.15288/jsa.2006.67.290
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Neil, TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Neighbors, C;Dillard, AJ;Neil, TA
目的：先前的研究表明，学生高估了同龄人的饮酒情况，并且感知的规范与饮酒行为密切相关。对这些发现的解释主要基于横截面数据，无法评估规范性误解的稳定性或理清感知规范与饮酒之间的影响方向。本研究旨在评估（1）规范错误认知的稳定性和（2）感知规范和饮酒的时间优先性。方法：参与者是大学生（N = 164；94 名女性），他们完成了感知规范的评估并报告了饮酒频率和每周数量的行为。大多数参与者 (68%) 两个月后再次完成相同的措施。结果：结果表明，同伴饮酒频率和每周饮酒量被大幅且稳定地高估。结果还表明，对于每周的饮酒量，感知标准可以预测以后的饮酒量，但饮酒也可以预测以后的感知标准。频率结果显示，感知规范可以预测以后的饮酒情况，但饮酒并不能预测以后的感知规范。结论：这些发现强调了纵向设计在评估饮酒规范影响方面的重要性。目前的研究结果表明，规范性误解是稳定的，至少在相对较短的时间内是这样。研究结果支持感知规范与饮酒量之间关系的相互影响模型，但与感知规范与饮酒频率之间关系的一致性解释更密切相关。结果根据对预防干预措施的影响进行了讨论。
Objective: Previous research has shown that students overestimate the drinking of their peers, and that perceived norms are strongly associated with drinking behavior. Explanations for these findings have been based largely on cross-sectional data, precluding the ability to evaluate the stability of normative misperceptions or to disentangle the direction of influence between perceived norms and drinking. The present research was designed to evaluate (1) the stability of normative misperceptions and (2) temporal precedence of perceived norms and drinking. Method: Participants were college students (N = 164; 94 women) who completed assessments of perceived norms and reported behavior for drinking frequency and weekly quantity. Most participants (68%) completed the same measures again two months later. Results: Results indicated large and stable overestimations of peer drinking for frequency and weekly quantity. Results also showed that for weekly quantity, perceived norms predicted later drinking, but drinking also predicted later perceived norms. Results for frequency revealed perceived norms predicted later drinking, but drinking did not predict later perceived norms. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of longitudinal designs in evaluating normative influences on drinking. The present findings suggest that normative misperceptions are stable, at least over a relatively short time period. Findings support a mutual influence model of the relationship between perceived norms and drinking quantity but are more strongly associated with conformity explanations for the relationship between perceived norms and drinking frequency. Results are discussed in terms of implications for prevention interventions.