Indirect Discrimination is Not Necessarily Unjust
Indirect Discrimination is Not Necessarily Unjust
复制标题
间接歧视不一定是不公正的
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Lippert‐Rasmussen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Lippert‐Rasmussen
本文认为，间接歧视并不一定是不公正的：（1）间接歧视是指对某一特定利益的歧视，如果利益和负担的总体分配是公正的，那么这种歧视就不一定是不公正的; 2）间接歧视侧重于群体和群体平均数，忽视了受歧视群体内部的伤害和利益分配，但分配正义是与个人有关的; 3）如果间接歧视本身是不公正的，严格的平均主义必须是分配正义的正确解释，但这种平均主义似乎容易受到平抑式反对（无论是否决定性）的影响，而且许多理论家明确拒绝严格的平均主义。最后一点威胁到自由主义者的立场，他们反对间接歧视，但认为重大的不平等可以是公正的。
This article argues that, as commonly understood, indirect discrimination is not necessarily unjust: 1) indirect discrimination involves the disadvantaging in relation to a particular benefit and such disadvantages are not unjust if the overall distribution of benefits and burdens is just; 2) indirect discrimination focuses on groups and group averages and ignores the distribution of harms and benefits within groups subjected to discrimination, but distributive justice is concerned with individuals; and 3) if indirect discrimination as such is unjust, strict egalitarianism has to be the correct account of distributive justice, but such egalitarianism appears vulnerable to the leveling down objection (whether decisively or not), and many theorists explicitly reject strict egalitarianism anyway. The last point threatens the position of liberals who oppose indirect discrimination but think significant inequalities can be just.