Tyramine: From octopamine precursor to neuroactive chemical in insects
Tyramine: From octopamine precursor to neuroactive chemical in insects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.05.021
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发表时间：
2009-05-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Lange, Angela B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lange, Angela B.
众所周知，酪胺作为章鱼胺的生物合成中间体。这一事实使酪胺的生物学效应的解释偏向于它是章鱼胺受体的部分激动剂的假象。近年来，越来越多的证据表明酪胺实际上是一种神经活性化学物质，具有多种生理/行为作用。此外，酪胺在非神经元组织，即马氏管中起着独特的作用。本综述审查了这一证据，考虑到需要满足的标准，以索赔神经活性化学状态。因此，证据表明酪胺由神经元合成并存在于神经元中;能够从神经元释放;通过高亲和力质膜转运蛋白去除;作用于特定的酪胺受体;并产生可被拮抗剂阻断的生理/行为效应。这一复合证据是强有力的，尽管最终的证据仍有待于对一个独特的可识别的酪胺能神经元的分析，就像章鱼胺一样。(C)2008年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
It is well acknowledged that tyramine acts as the biosynthetic intermediate precursor for octopamine. This fact has biased the interpretation of biological effects of tyramine towards an artifact of it being a partial agonist on octopamine receptors. Over recent years there has been an accumulation of evidence to show that tyramine is in fact a neuroactive chemical in its own right, with diverse physiological/behavioral roles. In addition, tyramine plays a unique role in a non-neuronal tissue, namely the Malpighian tubules. This review examines this evidence, taking into account the criteria that need to be satisfied in order to claim neuroactive chemical status. Thus, the evidence points to tyramine being synthesized by, and present in, neurons; capable of being released from neurons; removed by high affinity plasma membrane transporters; acting upon specific tyramine receptors; and producing physiological/behavioral effects that can be blocked by antagonists. This composite evidence is strong, although the final proof still awaits analysis on a uniquely identifiable tyraminergic neuron as has been possible with octopamine. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.