Radiation biology and treatment options in radiation oncology.
Radiation biology and treatment options in radiation oncology.
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作者：
H. Withers
在通用汽车癌症研究基金会设立20周年之际，我非常荣幸地向大家介绍h·罗德尼·威瑟斯博士，他是查尔斯·f·凯特林奖的获得者。威瑟斯博士因其对现代放射治疗领域的杰出贡献而获得凯特林奖。Withers博士于1956年在澳大利亚布里斯班的昆士兰大学医学院获得医学学位，随后在伦敦大学获得博士学位，在那里他与Gray博士一起工作。在美国国家癌症研究所（National Cancer Institute）与莫蒂默·埃尔金德博士（Dr. Mortimer Elkind）一起做了两年的客座研究科学家之后，他成为了德克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心（University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center）放射疗法副教授。1971年，他成为安德森医学中心放射学教授，1980年，他来到加州大学洛杉矶分校，成为放射肿瘤学教授。1989年至1991年，他在澳大利亚悉尼新南威尔士大学威尔士亲王医院肿瘤学研究所担任教授和主任两年，之后他回到加州大学洛杉矶分校，目前担任放射肿瘤学教授和系主任。Withers博士因其科学成就获得了许多荣誉，包括1989年波兰医学院奖，1991年美国治疗放射学和肿瘤学学会的金质杰出科学家奖，以及1997年美国能源部的费米奖。威瑟斯博士的科学成就是巨大的。他的研究彻底改变了辐射生物学的基本概念。这项研究提高了癌症患者的存活率，同时使正常组织免受辐射损伤。威瑟斯博士的发现导致了使用比传统的增量辐射剂量更小的辐射剂量，这是一个被称为超分割辐射的概念，以便与肿瘤组织相比，提供晚期反应正常组织的差异保护。通过利用与细胞周期相关的辐射敏感性波动，威瑟斯博士制定了一种治疗方案，该方案允许加强辐射暴露以减少肿瘤细胞的再生，同时允许修复正常组织中的辐射损伤。威瑟斯博士将他从动物模型中获得的原理完美地应用到人类患者的临床试验中。随机临床试验显示，与接受标准分割放疗的患者相比，过度分割放疗可提高头颈癌患者的无病生存期。威瑟斯博士的第二个重大发现是，某些肿瘤，尤其是鳞状细胞癌，对细胞毒性治疗的反应是，其生长速度大大加快，这一概念被称为加速再生。肿瘤细胞的再生是化疗和放疗的一个关注点。因此，长期中断治疗以使毒性恢复可能使肿瘤细胞的再生超过肿瘤细胞的杀伤。威瑟斯博士在这一领域的研究使治疗方案的设计能够最大限度地减少肿瘤细胞的加速再生。总之，威瑟斯博士的研究为世界范围内的现代放射治疗概念提供了基础。今天我非常荣幸地向大家介绍这样一位杰出的科学家，我期待着威瑟斯博士题为“放射肿瘤学中剂量分割生物学”的演讲。
It is a truly great honor for me to introduce Dr. H. Rodney Withers, the recipient of the Charles F. Kettering Prize on this, the 20th anniversary of the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation awards. Dr. Withers is receiving the Kettering Prize for his exceptional contributions to the field of modern radiotherapy. Dr. Withers received his medical degree from the University of Queensland Medical School in Brisbane, Australia in 1956, followed by a Ph.D. degree from the University of London where he worked with Dr. Gray. After spending two years as a visiting research scientist at the National Cancer Institute, working with Dr. Mortimer Elkind, he became an associate professor of radiotherapy at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. In 1971, he became a professor of radiotherapy at M.D. Anderson, and then, in 1980, he moved to UCLA, where he became a professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology. After a two-year stint as professor and director of the Institute of Oncology at the Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia from 1989 to 1991, Dr. Withers returned to UCLA where he is currently professor and chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology. Dr. Withers has received numerous honors in recognition of his scientific achievements, including the Polish Academy of Medicine Prize in 1989, a Gold Medal Distinguished Scientist award from the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology in 1991, and the Fermi Award from the U.S. Department of Energy in 1997. Dr. Withers' scientific achievements are immense. His research has revolutionized basic concepts in radiation biology. This research has led to improved survival of cancer patients while sparing normal tissues from radiation damage. Dr. Withers' discoveries have led to the use of smaller than conventional incremental radiation doses, a concept called hyperfractionated radiation, in order to provide differential sparing of the late-reacting normal tissues as compared to the tumor tissue. By exploiting cell cycle related fluctuations in radiosensitivity, Dr. Withers formulated a treatment regimen which allowed the intensification of radiation exposure to decrease tumor cell repopulation while allowing repair of radiation damage in normal tissues. Dr. Withers beautifully applied the principles he derived from his animal models to clinical trials in human patients. Hyperfractionated radiation has now been shown in randomized clinical trials to provide improved disease-free survival in patients with head and neck cancer as compared to patients receiving standard fractionation radiotherapy. A second major discovery of Dr. Withers' is that certain tumors, especially squamous cell carcinomas, can respond to cytotoxic therapy with greatly accelerated growth, a concept called accelerated repopulation. Regrowth of tumor cells is a concern in the delivery of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, long-term treatment interruption to allow recovery from toxicity may allow tumor cell repopulation to exceed tumor cell kill. Dr. Withers' research in this area has allowed treatment regimens to be designed to minimize this accelerated repopulation by tumor cells. In summary, Dr. Withers' research has provided the basis for modern radiation therapy concepts worldwide. I am very proud today to introduce such a distinguished scientist, and I look forward to Dr. Withers' talk titled Biology of Dose Fractionation in Radiation Oncology.