CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF ENZYMES
CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF ENZYMES
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DOI：
10.1126/science.137.3528.405
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发表时间：
1962-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
THOMPSON, RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
THOMPSON, RH
生物学家和化学家都面临的问题之一，就是对构成活组织的大量复杂物质的命名问题，而这些困难在任何领域都比与酶和辅酶有关的困难更大，这些酶和辅酶导致生命所依赖的化学变化。虽然酶学是一门相对较新的科学，但它是一门迅速发展的科学，近年来新描述的酶的数量有了很大的增加，目前已知的总数已达700多种。在过去，新的酶的命名在很大程度上是由负责他们发现的单个工作者来决定的，因为有时工作是在不同的中心同时进行的，所以同一种酶被不同的工作者组分配不同的名字并不是不可能的；另一方面，也有为不同的酶选择相同的名字的情况。同样的困难也适用于小分子辅酶的命名。不同的实验室中，酶活性的单位和为了标准化而测量活性的条件，甚至酶动力学研究中使用的数学符号都是不同的，因此在定量的基础上比较结果是困难的，在某些情况下提出了一个真正的问题，例如在临床生物化学领域，体液中的酶水平的比较被广泛地用于辅助诊断和评估治疗效果。由于这种混乱，1955年8月，也就是国际生物化学联合会(IUB)成立七个月后的大会决定，第一次也是最突出的--
One of the problems that biologists and chemists alike are faced with is that of the nomenclature of the vast array of complex substances of which living tissues are composed, and in no field have these difficulties been greater than in relation to the enzymes and coenzymes that bring about the chemical changes on which life depends. Enzymology, although a relatively new science, is a rapidly growing one, and in recent years there has been a great increase in the number of enzymes new-ly described, the total number now known amounting to more than 700. In the past the naming of new enzymes had been largely left to the individual workers responsible for their discovery, and since, on occasion work had been proceeding simultaneously in different centers, it was not unknown for the same enzyme to be allotted different names by the different groups of work-ers; on the other hand, there were also cases in which the same name was chosen for different enzymes. These same difficulties applied to the nomen-clature of the small-molecular coenzymes.The units of enzyme activity and the conditions under which activity was measured for purposes of their standardization, and even the mathematical symbols used in the study of enzyme kinetics, differed in different laboratories, so that comparison of results on a quantitative basis was difficult and in some cases presented a real problem, as in the field of clinical biochemistry, where comparison of enzyme levels in body fluids is used extensively to assist in diagnosis and in the assessment of the effects of treatment. Because of this chaos, the General Assembly of the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) decided in August 1955, seven months after its establish-ment, that the first and most outstand-