ROD AND CONE COMPONENTS IN THE ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF THE EYE
ROD AND CONE COMPONENTS IN THE ELECTRIC RESPONSE OF THE EYE
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1946.sp004148
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发表时间：
1946-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
ADRIAN, ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ADRIAN, ED
猴子、鸽子、猫、兔子和豚鼠用巴比妥酸盐轻微麻醉，用奴佛卡因治疗角膜，用阿托品治疗瞳孔扩大，对闪光的电反应已经有了记录。富含视锥细胞的眼睛（猴子和鸽子）的反应与人眼相似，其中有明显的由于感光机制而产生的快速成分和由于暗沉而产生的较慢成分。这两种成分可以在对橙红色光闪烁的反应中最明显地区分出来。有少量视锥细胞的眼睛（猫和兔子）给出的反应是较慢的（暗盲）类型，在这种类型中不可能区分两种成分。豚鼠的眼睛（没有视锥细胞）对明亮的闪光的反应可能非常短暂，因为它的眼睛适应了光线。因此，光适应杆机制可以产生类似于光致效应的响应。人们认为，在适应光的眼睛中，反应的缩短可能部分是由于趋向于使角膜呈阴性的过程的活动增加，但视网膜活动肯定缩短的事实是视神经放电的减少。在对猫、兔子和豚鼠的整个视神经对闪光的反应的记录中，由于杆状和锥状机制，不可能区分两种成分。光适应的效果是缩短放电，但明亮的闪光引起的初始波仍然很大，尽管眼球的电反应大大减弱。当不同波长的闪光投射到猴子的眼睛上时，对猴子大脑纹状区所做的记录表明，当眼睛的电反应中存在光性成分时，皮质效应要大得多。蓝光的闪光只给慢速的部分，通常对连接视网膜中央部分的皮质区域没有影响。
Records have been made of the electric response to a flash of light of the eyes of monkeys, pigeons, cats, rabbits and guinea-pigs lightly anaesthetized with a barbiturate, with the cornea treated with novocain and the pupil dilated with atropine. Eyes rich in cones (monkey and pigeon) gave responses similar to that of the human eye, there being a rapid component apparently due to the photopic mechanism and a slower component due to the scotopic. The 2 components could be most clearly distinguished in the response to a flash of orange-red light. Eyes with few cones (cat and rabbit) gave responses of the slower (scotopic) type in which it was impossible to distinguish two components. The response of the eye of the guinea-pig (which has no cones) to a bright flash could be very brief when the eye was light-adapted. Thus a light-adapted rod mechanism could give a response resembling the photopic effect. It is thought that the shortening of the response in the light-adapted eye might be due in part to an increase in the activity of the process tending to make the cornea negative, but the fact that retinal activity is definitely shortened is shown by curtailment of the optic nerve discharge. In records of the discharge of the whole optic nerve of the cat, rabbit and guinea-pig in response to a flash, it was not possible to distinguish two components due to rod-and-cone mechanisms. The effect of light-adaptation was to shorten the discharge, but the initial waves caused by a bright flash remained large in spite of the great reduction in the electric response of the eyeball. Records made from the striate area of the monkey''s brain when flashes of different wave-length were thrown on the eye showed that the cortical effect is much larger when the photopic component is present in the electric response of the eye. Flashes of blue light which gave only the slower component were often without effect on the cortical area which is connected with the central part of the retina.