The application of best management practices increases the profitability and sustainability of rice farming in the central plains of Thailand
The application of best management practices increases the profitability and sustainability of rice farming in the central plains of Thailand
复制标题
最佳管理实践的应用提高了泰国中部平原水稻种植的盈利能力和可持续性
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.005
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
R. Lampayan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Stuart;A. Pame;Duangporn Vithoonjit;Ladda Viriyangkura;Julmanee Pithuncharurnlap;N. Meesang;P. Suksiri;G. Singleton;R. Lampayan
有必要提高资源利用效率和可持续性的水稻生产在密集的低地灌溉水稻种植区的泰国，农民面临的挑战，如过度使用的投入，造成负面的环境影响，投入和劳动力成本上升，水稻农场的门价格下降，水资源短缺。自2012年以来，泰国稻米部向稻农推广了一套基于降低成本操作原则的综合最佳管理做法。通过重复的农民参与性田间试验，我们评估了三个综合的最佳管理包，包括作物建议，作物+交替干湿（AWD），作物+滚筒播种机（DS）技术的三个赛季的表现，并与标准的农民的做法（FP）进行了比较。我们还提供了一个经济和生产力评估的大规模（160 - 800公顷）的应用CROP的做法在八个网站在湄南河流域。在田间试验中，采用CROP实践的农民每个季节平均减少50 - 64%的肥料投入，而没有产量损失，并且能够在所有三个季节中将其净收入与FP相比平均增加26%。CROP + DS处理还将种子率降低了60 - 67%，并且始终显示出超过FP的最大效益，每个季节的平均净收入增加了29 - 46%。由于旱季缺水，所有处理均遵循强制AWD。然而，即使在有限的供水条件下，所有地块仍然获得了高产量，使农民能够保证通过AWD实践保持产量。大规模应用CROP实践的结果表明，与前一年同期相比，农民团体降低了6 - 36%（x <$= 17%）的成本，增加了21 - 131%（x <$= 79%）的净收入。这些研究的结果表明，通过增加收入和减少对环境造成负面影响的投入，采用改进的农艺做法可以提高集约化水稻生产的可持续性。
There is a need to increase the resource use efficiency and sustainability of rice production in the intensive lowland irrigated rice growing areas of Thailand where farmers face challenges such as the overuse of inputs that cause negative environmental effects, rising input and labor costs, declining rice farm gate prices, and water scarcity. Since 2012, a set of integrated best management practices based on Cost Reduction Operating Principles (CROP) has been promoted to rice farmers by the Thailand Rice Department. Through replicated farmer participatory field trials, we evaluated the performance over three seasons of three integrated best management packages that included CROP recommendations, CROP+ alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and CROP+ drum seeder (DS) technology and compared these with standard farmer’s practice (FP). We also provide an economic and productivity assessment of the large-scale (160–800 ha) application of CROP practices across eight sites in the Chao Phraya river basin. In the field trials, farmers that applied CROP practices reduced fertilizer inputs by a mean of 50–64% per season with no yield penalty and were able to increase their net income versus FP by a mean of 26% across all three seasons. The CROP+ DS treatments also reduced seed rates by 60–67% and consistently showed the largest benefits over FP, with increases in mean net income per season in the range of 29–46%. Due to water shortages in the dry season, all treatments followed forced-AWD. However, even with limited water supply, high yields were still attained across all plots, giving farmers the assurance that yields can be maintained with AWD practices. Results from the large-scale application of CROP practices showed farmer groups reduced costs by 6–36%(x¯= 17%) and increased net income by 21–131%(x¯= 79%) when compared with the same season in the previous year. The results of these studies indicate that through an increase in income and a decrease in inputs that cause negative environmental impacts, the adoption of improved agronomic practices can enhance the sustainability of intensive rice production.