The Structure of Earnings Inequality in the United States and Japan
The Structure of Earnings Inequality in the United States and Japan
复制标题
美国和日本收入不平等的结构
DOI：
10.1086/228944
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
J. Lincoln
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Kalleberg;J. Lincoln
本文通过对美国和日本制造业员工样本中个人层面、组织层面和行业层面的收入决定因素进行调查，扩展了对经济不平等的结构性来源的研究。该分析基于从美国和日本的7个制造业的98家工厂以及8,000多名经理、主管和工人收集的数据，提供了强有力的证据，表明多层次的工作结构导致了个人收入的不平等。此外，在美国和日本的收益决定过程中，发现了一些重要的和相当惊人的差异。例如，美国制造业雇员的收入在很大程度上取决于工作特点、权力等级中的职位以及（对工人来说）工会代表性。日本员工的收入更多地受到年龄等“生命周期”变量以及与企业内部劳动力市场相关的组织结构和流程（资历、晋升和内部培训）的影响。
This paper extends research on the structural sources of economic inequality by investigating the individual level, organizational, and industrial determinants of earnings in a sample of U.S. and Japanese manufacturing employees. The analysis-based on data collected from 98 plants in seven manufacturing industries in the United States and Japan and from over 8,000 of their managers, supervisors, and workers-provides strong evidence that work structures operating at multiple levels generate inequality in individuals' earnings. Moreover, a number of important and quite striking differences are found in the process of earnings determination in the United States and Japan. For example, American manufacturing employees' earnings are shaped heavily by job characteristics, positions in the authority hierarchy, and (for workers) union representation. The earnings of Japanese employees are conditioned more by "life-cycle" variables such as aged and by the organizational structures and processes associated with firm internal labor markets-seniority, promotions, and internal training.