Regulating Mismeasured Pollution: Implications of Firm Heterogeneity for Environmental Policy
Regulating Mismeasured Pollution: Implications of Firm Heterogeneity for Environmental Policy
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DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3148071
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Eva Lyubich;Joseph S. Shapiro;Reed Walker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eva Lyubich;Joseph S. Shapiro;Reed Walker
本文首次估计了整个美国制造业的能源和二氧化碳生产率的行业内异质性。我们衡量能源和CO2生产率，即每美元能源投入或每吨CO2排放的产出。有三个发现。首先，在狭义的行业内，工厂之间的能源和二氧化碳生产率的异质性是巨大的。其次，能源和二氧化碳生产率的异质性超过了大多数其他生产率指标的异质性，如劳动力或全要素生产率。第三，能源和二氧化碳生产率的异质性对针对工业而不是工厂的环境政策具有重要影响，包括技术标准和碳边界调整。
This paper provides the first estimates of within-industry heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity for the entire U.S. manufacturing sector. We measure energy and CO2 productivity as output per dollar energy input or per ton CO2 emitted. Three findings emerge. First, within narrowly defined industries, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity across plants is enormous. Second, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity exceeds heterogeneity in most other productivity measures, like labor or total factor productivity. Third, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity has important implications for environmental policies targeting industries rather than plants, including technology standards and carbon border adjustments.