A Cross-Talk Between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Host Mucosal Immune System Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
A Cross-Talk Between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Host Mucosal Immune System Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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DOI：
10.1093/ibd/izx029
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Di Santo, James P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goncalves, Pedro;Araujo, Joao Ricardo;Di Santo, James P.
肠道微生物群在宿主的能量稳态中具有基本作用，并且对于免疫系统的适当“教育”是必不可少的。肠道微生物群落能够发酵膳食纤维，释放短链脂肪酸（SCFA）。SCFA，特别是丁酸盐（BT），调节先天性和适应性免疫细胞的产生、运输和功能。例如，BT通过抑制嗜中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、树突细胞和效应T细胞的募集和促炎活性以及通过增加调节性T细胞的数量和活性而具有抗炎作用。肠道微生物生态失调，即微生物群落失衡，已被认为在炎症性肠病（IBD）的发展中发挥作用。生态失调和IBD之间的关系很难证明，特别是在人类中，可能是复杂和动态的，而不是简单的因果关系。然而，IBD患者具有生态失调，产生SCFA的细菌数量减少，BT浓度降低，这与这些患者肠道粘膜中促炎免疫细胞数量的显著增加有关。因此，微生物生态失调和BT浓度降低可能是IBD出现和严重程度的一个因素。了解微生物生态失调和降低BT浓度与IBD之间的关系可能会导致新的治疗干预措施。
Gut microbiota has a fundamental role in the energy homeostasis of the host and is essential for proper "education" of the immune system. Intestinal microbial communities are able to ferment dietary fiber releasing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The SCFAs, particularly butyrate (BT), regulate innate and adaptive immune cell generation, trafficing, and function. For example, BT has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the recruitment and proinflammatory activity of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and effector T cells and by increasing the number and activity of regulatory T cells. Gut microbial dysbiosis, ie, a microbial community imbalance, has been suggested to play a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The relationship between dysbiosis and IBD has been difficult to prove, especially in humans, and is probably complex and dynamic, rather than one of a simple cause and effect relationship. However, IBD patients have dysbiosis with reduced numbers of SCFAs-producing bacteria and reduced BT concentration that is linked to a marked increase in the number of proinflammatory immune cells in the gut mucosa of these patients. Thus, microbial dysbiosis and reduced BT concentration may be a factor in the emergence and severity of IBD. Understanding the relationship between microbial dysbiosis and reduced BT concentration to IBD may lead to novel therapeutic interventions.