Actors Conform, Observers React: The Effects of Behavioral Synchrony on Conformity
Actors Conform, Observers React: The Effects of Behavioral Synchrony on Conformity
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DOI：
10.1037/pspi0000001
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Wyer, Robert S., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong, Ping;Dai, Xianchi;Wyer, Robert S., Jr.
参与同步行为会导致更普遍的模仿他人的倾向，从而增加在不相关的选择情况下遵循他人偏好的倾向。相反，观察其他人执行同步行为会引起心理抵触并减少对他人偏好的遵从。五项实验证实了这些不同的影响并限制了它们发生的条件。参与者通常将注意力集中在他们的同步行为所指向的目标上，从而引发一种复制他人的心态，这种心态会推广到以后的情况。相比之下，观察者关注的是参与者的行为，而不考虑其所属的目标。因此，他们对同步行为所需的自由限制变得敏感，并感到抗拒。然而，改变行动者和观察者对这些因素的相对关注可以扭转行动者同步行为对从众的影响。
Engaging in synchronous behavior can induce a more general disposition to copy others, which increases the tendency to conform to others' preferences in an unrelated choice situation. In contrast, observing others perform synchronous behavior can induce psychological reactance and decrease conformity to others' preferences. Five experiments confirmed these different effects and circumscribed the conditions in which they occurred. Actors typically focus their attention on the goal to which their synchronous behavior is directed, inducing a copying-others mindset that generalizes to later situations. In contrast, observers focus on the actors' behavior independently of the goal to which it pertains. Consequently, they become sensitive to the restrictions on freedom that synchronous behavior requires and experience reactance. However, changing the relative attention that actors and observers pay to these factors can reverse the effects of the actors' synchronous behavior on conformity.