Genome reduction as the dominant mode of evolution.

Genome reduction as the dominant mode of evolution.
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DOI:
10.1002/bies.201300037
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发表时间:
2013-09
期刊:
BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Koonin EV
Koonin EV
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wolf YI;Koonin EV

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一个共同的信念是,进化通常在生物体和基因组水平上都朝着更复杂的方向前进,尽管寄生虫和共生体的还原进化的例子很多。然而,最近的进化重建挑战了这一概念。两个值得注意的例子是重建复杂的古细菌祖先和真核生物的内含子丰富的祖先。在这两种情况下,大多数谱系的进化显然分别由基因和内含子的大量丢失所主导。这些和许多其他的还原进化的情况是一致的一般模型组成的两个不同的进化阶段:短,爆炸性,创新阶段,导致基因组复杂性的突然增加,其次是一个更长的还原阶段,其中包括一个中性棘轮的遗传物质损失或适应性基因组精简。从数量上看,基因组的进化似乎以简化和简化为主,并不时出现复杂化。
A common belief is that evolution generally proceeds towards greater complexity at both the organismal and the genomic level, numerous examples of reductive evolution of parasites and symbionts notwithstanding. However, recent evolutionary reconstructions challenge this notion. Two notable examples are the reconstruction of the complex archaeal ancestor and the intron-rich ancestor of eukaryotes. In both cases, evolution in most of the lineages was apparently dominated by extensive loss of genes and introns, respectively. These and many other cases of reductive evolution are consistent with a general model composed of two distinct evolutionary phases: the short, explosive, innovation phase that leads to an abrupt increase in genome complexity, followed by a much longer reductive phase, which encompasses either a neutral ratchet of genetic material loss or adaptive genome streamlining. Quantitatively, the evolution of genomes appears to be dominated by reduction and simplification, punctuated by episodes of complexification.
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