3D spatial conservation prioritisation: Accounting for depth in marine environments
3D spatial conservation prioritisation: Accounting for depth in marine environments
复制标题
3D 空间保护优先级：考虑海洋环境的深度
DOI：
10.1111/2041-210x.12896
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
S. Kark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rubén Venegas;N. Levin;H. Possingham;S. Kark
虽然海洋环境本质上是三维（3D）的，但目前用于规划和确定海洋行动优先顺序的方法和工具主要是二维的。在这里，我们开发了一种新的三维海洋空间保护优先级的方法，明确占海洋固有的垂直异质性。这使得能够同时执行垂直和水平空间优先级排序。据我们所知，这是第一次努力制定3D保护行动的优先顺序。我们应用三维空间保护优先级的方法，地中海作为一个案例研究。我们首先将地中海细分为3D规划单元，为它们分配一个z坐标（代表深度）。我们进一步将这些3D规划单元垂直划分为三个深度层;这使我们能够量化生物多样性（1，011个物种和19个地貌特征）以及不同深度的保护行动成本。我们调整了优先排序软件Marxan，以确定以最低成本实现生物多样性保护目标的3D网站网络。使用这里提出的3D方法，我们确定了所有生物多样性特征的保护目标都实现的网站网络。重要的是，这些网络所包括的海洋区域只有沿水柱沿着的特定深度层才被确定为优先保护的区域。3D方法也被证明比传统的2D方法更具成本效益。在比较2D和3D方法时，所选网站网络内的空间优先级有很大不同。3D优先级使保护和海洋空间规划者能够针对海洋特定深度的特定保护特征的特定威胁。这提供了一个平台，可将系统的养护规划进一步纳入更广泛的正在进行和未来的海洋空间规划和海洋分区进程。
While marine environments are three‐dimensional (3D) in nature, current approaches and tools for planning and prioritising actions in the ocean are predominantly two dimensional. Here, we develop a novel 3D marine spatial conservation prioritisation approach, which explicitly accounts for the inherent vertical heterogeneity of the ocean. This enables both vertical and horizontal spatial prioritisation to be performed simultaneously. To our knowledge, this is the first endeavour to develop prioritisation of conservation actions in 3D. We applied the 3D spatial conservation prioritisation approach to the Mediterranean Sea as a case study. We first subdivided the Mediterranean Sea into 3D planning units by assigning them a z coordinate (representing depth). We further partitioned these 3D planning units vertically into three depth layers; this allowed us to quantify biodiversity (1,011 species and 19 geomorphic features) and the cost of conservation actions at different depths. We adapted the prioritisation software Marxan to identify 3D networks of sites where biodiversity conservation targets are achieved for the minimum cost. Using the 3D approach presented here, we identified networks of sites where conservation targets for all biodiversity features were achieved. Importantly, these networks included areas of the ocean where only particular depth layers along the water column were identified as priorities for conservation. The 3D approach also proved to be more cost‐efficient than the traditional 2D approach. Spatial priorities within the networks of sites selected were considerably different when comparing the 2D and 3D approaches. Prioritising in 3D allows conservation and marine spatial planners to target specific threats to specific conservation features, at specific depths in the ocean. This provides a platform to further integrate systematic conservation planning into the wider ongoing and future marine spatial planning and ocean zoning processes.