The distribution of Greek loan–words in Terence
The distribution of Greek loan–words in Terence
复制标题
特伦斯语中希腊语借词的分布
DOI：
10.1017/s0009838800014609
复制
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Maltby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Maltby
本文旨在讨论特伦斯对希腊语借词的使用，并考察这些借词在戏剧和人物中的分布。它们在多大程度上起到了文体效果？它们与不同戏剧的主题有什么关系？有没有任何证据表明，这些往往是口语化的词集中在奴隶和社会地位低下的人物的口中，以达到语言特征的目的？最后，特伦斯对这些词的使用是在他短暂的职业生涯中发展起来的吗？J.N. Hough的局限性在于没有任何完整的事件清单，因此很难检查其客观性。P. Oksala的讨论更有帮助，给出了一个更完整的列表，但主要集中在与普劳丁在这些词的类型和频率上的比较，而没有讨论它们在Terentian语料库中的分布。近年来，语言的角色化问题，特别是在新喜剧领域，受到了相当大的关注。一个角色的语言应该与他或她的年龄、性别或社会地位相适应，这一原则在古代世界得到了充分的证明，在戏剧和法庭上都是如此。关于阿里斯托芬的古代学术著作，以及4世纪以多纳图斯（Donatus）为名对特伦斯的评论，都包含了关于特定单词和短语对特定字符类型的适当性的评论。利奥在很久以前就评论过普劳图斯作品中希腊词的分布情况，他注意到希腊词主要是由奴隶和社会地位低下的人物使用的，这一点早在N。图汉德勒最近M。E.吉尔兰为普劳图斯和特伦斯提供了详细的统计证据，这些证据倾向于支持这些观察。
The aim of this paper is to discuss Terence's use of Greek loan-words and to examine their distribution by plays and by characters. How far are they used for stylistic effect and what relationship do they have to the themes of different plays? Is there any evidence for the concentration of these words, which often tend to be colloquial in tone, in the mouths of slaves and characters of low social status for the purposes of linguistic characterisation? Finally, does Terence's use of these words develop in the course of his short career? The usefuleness of a previous note on this subject by J. N. Hough is limited by the absence of any comprehensive list of occurrences, so that its objectivity is difficult to check. A more helpful discussion by P. Oksala gives a fuller list, but concentrates mainly on a comparison with Plautine usage in the type and frequency of these words and does not discuss their distribution within the Terentian corpus. The question of characterisation by linguistic means, particularly in the field of New Comedy, has received considerable attention in recent years. The doctrine that a character's speech should be appropriate to his or her age, sex or social status, is well attested in the ancient world, with reference both to the theatre and to the law-courts. The ancient scholia on Aristophanes, as well as the fourth-century commentary on Terence that goes under the name of Donatus, contain comments on the appropriateness of particular words and phrases to particular character types. Leo, commenting long ago on the distribution of Greek words in Plautus, observed that they were used predominantly by slaves and characters of low social standing, a point made earlier by N. Tuchhaendler. More recently M. E. Gilleland has produced detailed statistical evidence for both Plautus and Terence which tends to back up these observations.