Efficacy of rabies biologics against new lyssaviruses from Eurasia
Efficacy of rabies biologics against new lyssaviruses from Eurasia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.009
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Rupprecht, CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanlon, CA;Kuzmin, IV;Rupprecht, CE
狂犬病的新病原体不断出现，如最近描述的来自欧亚大陆蝙蝠的四种新型狂犬病病毒所示，Aravan（ARAV），Khujand（KHUV），Irkut（IRKV）和西高加索蝙蝠病毒（WCBV）。在两种动物模型（即，叙利亚仓鼠和雪貂）。仓鼠肌内接种市售人用或兽用疫苗或实验性牛痘-狂犬病糖蛋白重组疫苗。接种后5周，用ARAV、KHUV、IRKV或WCBV或传统的犬/郊狼源狂犬病病毒攻毒动物。以前接种疫苗和狂犬病初治的雪貂也用四种新分离株进行了攻击。此外，使用市售人用产品或实验性单克隆抗体，在仓鼠中研究了暴露于4种分离株后狂犬病免疫球蛋白和疫苗的联合作用。结果显示，暴露前接种疫苗和常规狂犬病暴露后预防对所有四种新蝙蝠病毒的保护作用降低。总的来说，保护与新分离株和传统狂犬病病毒之间的遗传距离呈负相关。例如，WCBV是这些狂犬病病毒中最不同的，暴露前疫苗接种和常规暴露后预防都不能提供显著的保护。这些新的狂犬病毒对人类和家畜健康的潜在影响以及对假定的蝙蝠水库种群的影响将需要进一步的实地和实验室调查。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
New causative agents of rabies continue to emerge as shown by the recent description of four novel lyssaviruses from bats in Eurasia, Aravan (ARAV), Khujand (KHUV), Irkut (IRKV), and West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV). The effect of rabies vaccination prior to exposure to these new lyssaviruses was investigated in two animal models (i.e., Syrian hamsters and ferrets). The hamsters were vaccinated intramuscularly with a commercial human or veterinary vaccine or with an experimental vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine. At 5 weeks after vaccination, animals were challenged with ARAV, KHUV, IRKV, or WCBV, or with a traditional rabies virus of dog/coyote origin. Previously vaccinated and rabies-naive ferrets were also challenged with the four new isolates. In addition, the combined effect of rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine after exposure to the four isolates was investigated in hamsters using commercially available human products or an experimental monoclonal antibody. Results showed reduced protection with pre-exposure vaccination and with conventional rabies post-exposure prophylaxis against all four new bat viruses. In general, protection was inversely related to the genetic distance between the new isolates and traditional rabies viruses. For example, the WCBV is the most divergent of these lyssaviruses, and neither pre-exposure vaccination nor conventional post-exposure prophylaxis provided significant protection. The potential impact of these new lyssaviruses on human and domestic animal health and the impact on the putative bat reservoir populations will require further field and laboratory investigation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.