Why Do Most Italian Young Men Live with Their Parents? Intergenerational Transfers and Household Structure
Why Do Most Italian Young Men Live with Their Parents? Intergenerational Transfers and Household Structure
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DOI：
10.1162/jeea.2006.4.4.800
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发表时间：
2005-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Marco Manacorda;E. Moretti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marco Manacorda;E. Moretti
超过80%的18-30岁的意大利男性与父母同住。我们认为，造成如此高的同居率的一个因素是父母对同居的偏好。为了研究父母偏好的作用，我们使用1989年至2000年的SHIW微观数据估计了父母收入外生变化对意大利同居率的影响。关键的计量经济学问题是父母收入的潜在内生性。为了确定父母收入外生变化的来源，我们使用1992年意大利社会保障制度改革引起的父亲退休年龄的变化作为父母收入的工具变量。通过提高退休年龄，这项改革迫使一些父亲在劳动力市场上呆的时间更长，从而提高了他们的可支配收入。我们使用双样本工具变量（TSIV）策略。我们的TSIV估计表明，父母收入的增加显著提高了孩子与父母同住的倾向：父母年收入每增加10%，男孩与父母同住的比例就会增加约10%。虽然我们不能绝对排除其他解释，但这些结果与我们的假设是一致的，即同居对意大利父母来说是一件正常的好事。
More than 80% of Italian men aged 18-30 live with their parents. We argue that one contributing factor to this remarkably high rate of cohabitation is parents’ tastes for co-residence. In order to investigate the role of parental preferences, we estimate the effect of exogenous changes in parental income on rates of cohabitation in Italy using SHIW micro-data from 1989 to 2000. The key econometric issue is the potential endogeneity of parental income. In order to identify a source of exogenous variation in parental income, we use changes in fathers’ retirement age induced by the 1992 reform of the Italian Social Security system as an instrumental variable for parental income. By raising retirement age, this reform forced some fathers to remain in the labour market longer than they would have otherwise, therefore raising their disposable income. We use a two-sample instrumental variable (TSIV) strategy. Our TSIV estimates indicate that a rise in parents’ income significantly raises the children’s propensity to live at home: a 10% increase in annual parental income results in approximately a 10% rise in the proportion of boys living with their parents. Although we cannot definitely rule out alternative interpretations, these results are consistent with our hypothesis that cohabitation is a normal good for Italian parents.