Phenotypic landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation: evidence for origin-dependent metabolic traits.
Phenotypic landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation: evidence for origin-dependent metabolic traits.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0025147
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Dequin S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camarasa C;Sanchez I;Brial P;Bigey F;Dequin S
酿酒酵母菌包括天然菌株、临床分离菌株和大量用于人类活动的菌株。这项工作的目的是研究如何适应广泛的生态位可能有选择地塑造酵母代谢网络，以产生特定的表型。利用从不同来源收集的72株酿酒葡萄球菌，我们首次提供了酿酒葡萄球菌在酿酒条件下发酵代谢特征的种群尺度图。相当大的表型变异表明，这种酵母采用不同的代谢策略来面对环境限制。根据特定的性状，可以将几组菌株与整个种群区分开来。习惯在高糖浓度环境下生长的菌株，如葡萄酒酵母和从水果中获得的菌株，能够实现发酵，而从“低糖”环境中分离出来的天然酵母，如橡树或植物，则不能。商业酿酒酵母显然是葡萄园分离物的一个子集，主要是通过它们的发酵性能和低乙酸产量来区分的。总的来说，菌株起源依赖特性的出现为酿酒葡萄球菌的环境约束和/或人类选择驱动的表型进化提供了证据。
The species Saccharomyces cerevisiae includes natural strains, clinical isolates, and a large number of strains used in human activities. The aim of this work was to investigate how the adaptation to a broad range of ecological niches may have selectively shaped the yeast metabolic network to generate specific phenotypes. Using 72 S. cerevisiae strains collected from various sources, we provide, for the first time, a population-scale picture of the fermentative metabolic traits found in the S. cerevisiae species under wine making conditions. Considerable phenotypic variation was found suggesting that this yeast employs diverse metabolic strategies to face environmental constraints. Several groups of strains can be distinguished from the entire population on the basis of specific traits. Strains accustomed to growing in the presence of high sugar concentrations, such as wine yeasts and strains obtained from fruits, were able to achieve fermentation, whereas natural yeasts isolated from “poor-sugar” environments, such as oak trees or plants, were not. Commercial wine yeasts clearly appeared as a subset of vineyard isolates, and were mainly differentiated by their fermentative performances as well as their low acetate production. Overall, the emergence of the origin-dependent properties of the strains provides evidence for a phenotypic evolution driven by environmental constraints and/or human selection within S. cerevisiae.