Transmission of prion diseases by blood transfusion
Transmission of prion diseases by blood transfusion
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DOI：
10.1099/0022-1317-83-11-2897
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Houston, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunter, N;Foster, J;Houston, F
在传染性海绵状脑病（tse或朊病毒疾病）感染的人类和动物的血液中检测传染性的尝试往往是不确定的，因为跨物种生物测定的局限性以及可以通过脑内途径注射的少量血液。以牛海绵状脑病（BSE）或天然痒病感染的绵羊为供体，易感无痒病的绵羊为受体，建立了一种实验性研究输血传播TSE的模型。同一物种的供体和受体大大增加了生物测定的敏感性，并且在绵羊中可以通过静脉注射（i.v.）途径注射大量血液。最近报告了使用这种方法将疯牛病传播给一只动物。这项研究通过疯牛病的第二次传播和四例自然痒病的新传播病例证实了这一结果。阳性传播发生在临床前和临床感染阶段采血。初步研究表明，通过静脉注射途径感染后，外周组织中异常朊病毒蛋白异构体PrPSc的沉积可能比口服感染时要有限得多。这些结果证实了通过血液制品感染TSE的风险，并表明在英国采取限制血液使用的措施是完全合理的。
Attempts to detect infectivity in the blood of humans and animals affected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs or prion diseases) have often been inconclusive because of the limitations of cross-species bioassays and the small volumes of blood that can be injected by the intracerebral route. A model has been developed for the experimental study of TSE transmission by blood transfusion using sheep experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or natural scrapie as donors and susceptible scrapie-free sheep as recipients. Donors and recipients of the same species greatly increase the sensitivity of the bioassay and in sheep large volumes of blood can be injected by the intravenous (i.v.) route. Transmission of BSE to a single animal using this approach was reported recently. This study confirms this result with a second transmission of BSE and four new cases of transmission of natural scrapie. Positive transmissions occurred with blood taken at pre-clinical and clinical stages of infection. Initial studies indicate that following such infection by the i.v. route, deposition of the abnormal prion protein isoform, PrPSc, in peripheral tissues may be much more limited than is seen following oral infection. These results confirm the risks of TSE infection via blood products and suggest that the measures taken to restrict the use of blood in the UK have been fully justified.