The origin and evolution of the surfactant system in fish:: Insights into the evolution of lungs and swim bladders
The origin and evolution of the surfactant system in fish:: Insights into the evolution of lungs and swim bladders
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DOI：
10.1086/422058
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Brauner, CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniels, CB;Orgeig, S;Brauner, CJ
在受到辐射的几次过程中，鱼类进化出了肺或鱼鳔作为储气结构。肺和鱼鳔有不同的个体发生起源，既可以用作浮力，也可以用作辅助呼吸器官。因此，在不同的鱼类群体中存在充满空气的膀胱或肺是趋同进化的一个例子。我们认为，没有表面活性剂系统的存在，呼吸空气是不可能发生的，这一系统可能起源于咽上皮细胞。本文报道了三种硬骨鱼（呼吸呼吸的巨鳍鱼、巨鳍鱼和非呼吸呼吸的新西兰鲷鱼）鱼鳔表面活性剂系统的新数据。我们使用生化、生物物理和形态学分析来确定表面活性剂的存在，并使用表面活性剂蛋白（SPs）的免疫组织化学分析来确定同源性。我们将表面活性剂系统的存在和结构与之前描述的另一种硬骨鱼（金鱼）的鱼鳔以及其他骨鱼目（更原始的呼吸空气的放光鳍鱼和肉鳍鱼）的呼吸器官的存在和结构联系起来。鲷鱼和海鲢的鱼鳔分别内衬鳞状和立方状上皮细胞，含有膜结合的板层体。磷脂酰胆碱占主导地位的磷脂（PL）剖面从所有鱼分析到目前为止。硬骨鱼和海鲢、海鲢和鲷鱼的片层体、海鲢和海鲢的灌洗液中SP-B和海鲢的鱼鳔组织中sp （A、B和D）的存在有力地证明了硬骨鱼的表面活性剂系统与其他鱼类和四足动物的表面活性剂系统是同源的。本研究首次证实SP-D存在于非哺乳动物的呼吸器官中，SP-B存在于放光鳍目鱼类的呼吸器官中。从海鲢和琵琶鱼膀胱中提取的表面活性剂的胆固醇/不饱和PL和胆固醇/PL比值极高，而海鲢表面活性剂的表面活性较差，这是其他鱼类表面活性剂体系的特点。尽管骨鱼属有副鱼类的系统发育，但它们的表面活性剂成分是一致的，可能代表脊椎动物的原表面活性剂。
Several times throughout their radiation fish have evolved either lungs or swim bladders as gas-holding structures. Lungs and swim bladders have different ontogenetic origins and can be used either for buoyancy or as an accessory respiratory organ. Therefore, the presence of air-filled bladders or lungs in different groups of fishes is an example of convergent evolution. We propose that air breathing could not occur without the presence of a surfactant system and suggest that this system may have originated in epithelial cells lining the pharynx. Here we present new data on the surfactant system in swim bladders of three teleost fish ( the air-breathing pirarucu Arapaima gigas and tarpon Megalops cyprinoides and the non-air-breathing New Zealand snapper Pagrus auratus). We determined the presence of surfactant using biochemical, biophysical, and morphological analyses and determined homology using immunohistochemical analysis of the surfactant proteins (SPs). We relate the presence and structure of the surfactant system to those previously described in the swim bladders of another teleost, the goldfish, and those of the air-breathing organs of the other members of the Osteichthyes, the more primitive air-breathing Actinopterygii and the Sarcopterygii. Snapper and tarpon swim bladders are lined with squamous and cuboidal epithelial cells, respectively, containing membrane-bound lamellar bodies. Phosphatidylcholine dominates the phospholipid (PL) profile of lavage material from all fish analyzed to date. The presence of the characteristic surfactant lipids in pirarucu and tarpon, lamellar bodies in tarpon and snapper, SP-B in tarpon and pirarucu lavage, and SPs ( A, B, and D) in swim bladder tissue of the tarpon provide strong evidence that the surfactant system of teleosts is homologous with that of other fish and of tetrapods. This study is the first demonstration of the presence of SP-D in the air-breathing organs of nonmammalian species and SP-B in actinopterygian fishes. The extremely high cholesterol/disaturated PL and cholesterol/PL ratios of surfactant extracted from tarpon and pirarucu bladders and the poor surface activity of tarpon surfactant are characteristics of the surfactant system in other fishes. Despite the paraphyletic phylogeny of the Osteichthyes, their surfactant is uniform in composition and may represent the vertebrate protosurfactant.