Evidence of hermaphroditism and sex ratio distortion in the fungal feeding nematode Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis.
Evidence of hermaphroditism and sex ratio distortion in the fungal feeding nematode Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis.
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真菌喂养线虫Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis中雌雄同体和性别比扭曲的证据。
DOI：
10.1534/g3.114.012385
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发表时间：
2014-08-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sternberg PW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shinya R;Hasegawa K;Chen A;Kanzaki N;Sternberg PW
随着线虫不同的生活史，它们有许多不同的繁殖策略；两性的自交和异花授粉的能力对于遗传操作是有用的。在这里，我们展示了取食真菌的冲绳线虫的两性行为，这种线虫以前被描述为孤雌生殖线虫，我们还展示了它的其他独特的性特征。为了确定它是两性的，我们进行了以下实验：观察卵子发生和早期胚胎发生期间的原核和染色体行为；观察第四幼虫阶段的精子发生；调查精子的利用；以及使用化学诱导的可见突变体进行交叉交配后的表型分离。然后，我们调查了雄性和两性之间的交配偏好和精子细胞大小的差异。雄性冲绳牛只与精子枯竭的老两性人交配成功，而雄性的精子细胞大小与两性人几乎相同。此外，杂交后代的性比高度偏向两性。冲绳拟线虫与已建立的模式线虫如线虫的亲缘关系较远，与一些经济上相关的寄生线虫亲缘关系较近。这种新发现的两性线虫在进化和寄生虫学研究方面具有巨大的潜力。
Nematodes have many different reproductive strategies along with their divergent life histories; the ability of hermaphrodite to self- and cross-fertilize is useful for genetic manipulation. Here, we demonstrate the hermaphroditism of the fungal feeding nematode Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis, which was formerly described as a parthenogenetic nematode, and we show its other unique sexual characteristics. To determine that it is hermaphroditic, we performed the following experiments: observation of the pronuclear and chromosome behavior during oogenesis and early embryogenesis; observation of spermatogenesis during the fourth larval stage; investigation of sperm utilization; and investigation of phenotypic segregation after cross-mating using a chemically induced visible mutant. We then investigated the mating preferences and spermatid size difference between males and hermaphrodites. B. okinawaensis males successfully mated only with sperm-depleted old hermaphrodites, and the spermatid sizes of males were almost the same as those of hermaphrodites. Moreover, the sex ratio of cross-fertilized progeny was highly skewed toward hermaphrodites. B. okinawaensis is phylogenetically distant from established model nematodes such as C. elegans and is more closely related to some economically relevant parasitic nematodes. This newly discovered hermaphroditic nematode has great potential for evolutionary and parasitological research.