PARASITES, DESIDERATA LISTS AND THE PARADOX OF THE ORGANISM
PARASITES, DESIDERATA LISTS AND THE PARADOX OF THE ORGANISM
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182000073029
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
DAWKINS, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DAWKINS, R
今天，在任何一个主要的进化论中心偷听早晨的咖啡，你都会发现“寄生虫”是该语言中最常见的单词之一。寄生虫被吹捧为性别进化的原动力，有望最终解决这个问题，这个难题导致 G. C. Williams 在 1975 年宣称进化生物学即将面临“一种危机”（Hamilton，1980；Tooby，1982；Seger & Hamilton，1988）。寄生虫似乎为雌性在装腔作势的雄性中做出选择而付出的徒劳努力提供了合理的理由（Hamilton & Zuk，1982；但请参阅 Read，1990）。根据一种无可否认的少数观点，寄生虫进行的频率依赖性选择是基因库中发现的高水平多样性的主要原因（Clarke，1979）。人们甚至可以推断，整个后生动物身体可能被视为对微小病原体的巨大适应。
Eavesdrop morning coffee at any major centre of evolutionary theory today, and you will find ‘parasite’ to be one of the commonest words in the language. Parasites are touted as prime movers in the evolution of sex, promising the final solution to that problem of problems, the puzzle that led G. C. Williams to proclaim in 1975 ‘a kind of crisis’ at hand in evolutionary biology (Hamilton, 1980; Tooby, 1982; Seger & Hamilton, 1988). Parasites seem to offer a plausible justification for the otherwise futile effort females put into choosing among posturing males (Hamilton & Zuk, 1982; but see Read, 1990). Frequency-dependent selection exerted by parasites is, according to one admittedly minority view, largely responsible for the high levels of diversity found in gene pools (Clarke, 1979). One might even extrapolate to a time when the entire metazoan body could come to be seen as a gigantic adaptation against microscopic pathogens.