Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Personality Characteristics in Older Adults in the General Dutch Population
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Personality Characteristics in Older Adults in the General Dutch Population
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jagp.2014.02.005
复制
发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Kooij, J. J. Sandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michielsen, Marieke;Comijs, Hannie C.;Kooij, J. J. Sandra
目的：作者想研究注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和人格特征之间的关联，以及这些特征在荷兰普通人群中ADHD和老年人抑郁症之间关系中的潜在中介作用。研究方法：2008/2009年阿姆斯特丹纵向老龄化研究的数据被用于231名年龄在60-94岁之间的患有和不患有ADHD的参与者的横断面设计。评估自尊，自我效能，掌握，神经质和社会不足的问卷进行管理。通过ADHD诊断和ADHD症状水平来测量ADHD。进行线性回归分析，以评估ADHD（症状）和人格特征之间的关联。进行了单因素和多因素中介分析，以研究人格特征在ADHD（症状）和抑郁症状之间的关系中的中介作用。结果如下：ADHD与掌握感呈显著负相关（B =-2.44，t =-3.14，df = 228，p = 0.002），自尊（B =-1.16，t =-2.27，df = 228，p = 0.02），自我效能感（B =-2.33，t =-2.02，df = 228，p = 0.045），与神经质呈正相关（B = 0.99，t = 4.90，df = 228，p < 0.001）和社交能力不足（B = 0.65，t = 3.32，df = 229，p = 0.001）。在单中介分析中，所有人格特征都是ADHD症状和抑郁症状之间关系的中介。在多变量分析中，只有掌握和自尊是中介。结论：患有ADHD的老年人报告说，与没有ADHD的老年人相比，他们的自尊心和掌握感较低，神经质和社交能力不足的水平较高。掌握和自尊部分解释了ADHD和老年抑郁症状之间的关联。结果提示临床医生在治疗中应注意老年ADHD患者的人格特征。
Objective: The authors wanted to examine the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and personality characteristics and the potential mediating role of these characteristics in the relationship between ADHD and depression in older adults in the general Dutch population. Methods: Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam in 2008/2009 were used in a cross-sectional design on 231 participants with and without ADHD aged 60-94 years. Questionnaires assessing self-esteem, self-efficacy, mastery, neuroticism, and social inadequacy were administered. ADHD was measured by means of ADHD diagnosis and level of ADHD symptoms. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between ADHD (symptoms) and personality characteristics. Single and multivariate mediation analyses were performed to examine the mediating role of personality characteristics in the relationship between ADHD (symptoms) and depressive symptoms. Results: ADHD was significantly negatively associated with sense of mastery (B = -2.44, t = -3.14, df = 228, p = 0.002), self-esteem (B = -1.16, t = -2.27, df = 228, p = 0.02), and self-efficacy (B = -2.33, t = -2.02, df = 228, p = 0.045) and positively associated with neuroticism (B = 0.99, t = 4.90, df = 228, p < 0.001) and social inadequacy (B = 0.65, t = 3.32, df = 229, p = 0.001). In the single mediation analyses, all personality characteristics were mediators in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and depressive symptoms. In the multivariate analysis only mastery and self-esteem were mediators. Conclusion: Older adults with ADHD reported lower self-esteem and sense of mastery and higher levels of neuroticism and social inadequacy than older adults without ADHD. Mastery and self-esteem partly explained the association between ADHD and depressive symptoms in old age. The results implicate that in treatment clinicians should pay attention to the personality characteristics of older adults with ADHD.