Maternal Over-Control Moderates the Association Between Early Childhood Behavioral Inhibition and Adolescent Social Anxiety Symptoms
Maternal Over-Control Moderates the Association Between Early Childhood Behavioral Inhibition and Adolescent Social Anxiety Symptoms
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DOI：
10.1007/s10802-012-9663-2
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Fox, Nathan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewis-Morrarty, Erin;Degnan, Kathryn A.;Fox, Nathan A.
行为抑制（BI）和母亲过度控制是儿童后期内化问题的早期危险因素，特别是社交焦虑症（SAD）。整个童年时期持续的高 BI 似乎会增加青春期出现 SAD 的风险。然而，之前没有研究前瞻性地检验观察到的母亲过度控制是最初选择接受 BI 的儿童青少年社交焦虑 (SA) 的危险因素。本前瞻性纵向研究采用多种方法，探讨了这些早期危险因素与青少年 SA 症状和 SAD 之间的直接和间接关系。该样本由 176 名参与者组成，最初是在婴儿时期招募的，并在 4 个月大时评估了他们对新刺激的气质反应。 BI 通过观察和家长报告对 14 个月至 7 岁之间的多次评估进行测量。在 7 岁时的亲子互动任务中，对母亲的过度控制进行了观察性评估。青少年（14-17 岁）和家长提供了青少年 SA 症状的独立报告。结果表明，7 岁时母亲过度控制程度越高，预示着青春期 SA 症状和终生 SAD 发生率越高。此外，持续高的 BI 与母亲过度控制之间存在显着的相互作用，因此持续高 BI 的模式可预测在母亲高度过度控制的情况下更高的青少年 SA 症状。当儿童经历低母亲过度控制时，整个童年时期的高 BI 与青少年 SA 症状没有显着相关性。这些发现有可能通过识别特别高危的青少年和具体的治疗目标来为预防和早期干预计划提供信息。
Behavioral inhibition (BI) and maternal over-control are early risk factors for later childhood internalizing problems, particularly social anxiety disorder (SAD). Consistently high BI across childhood appears to confer risk for the onset of SAD by adolescence. However, no prior studies have prospectively examined observed maternal over-control as a risk factor for adolescent social anxiety (SA) among children initially selected for BI. The present prospective longitudinal study examines the direct and indirect relations between these early risk factors and adolescent SA symptoms and SAD, using a multi-method approach. The sample consisted of 176 participants initially recruited as infants and assessed for temperamental reactivity to novel stimuli at age 4 months. BI was measured via observations and parent-report across multiple assessments between the ages of 14 months and 7 years. Maternal over-control was assessed observationally during parent-child interaction tasks at 7 years. Adolescents (ages 14-17 years) and parents provided independent reports of adolescent SA symptoms. Results indicated that higher maternal over-control at 7 years predicted higher SA symptoms and lifetime rates of SAD during adolescence. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between consistently high BI and maternal over-control, such that patterns of consistently high BI predicted higher adolescent SA symptoms in the presence of high maternal over-control. High BI across childhood was not significantly associated with adolescent SA symptoms when children experienced low maternal over-control. These findings have the potential to inform prevention and early intervention programs by indentifying particularly at-risk youth and specific targets of treatment.