Farmers and Social Innovations in Rural Development: Collaborative Arrangements in Eastern Brazilian Amazon
Farmers and Social Innovations in Rural Development: Collaborative Arrangements in Eastern Brazilian Amazon
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104999
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Brondizio, Eduardo S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Futemma, Celia;De Castro, Fabio;Brondizio, Eduardo S.
巴西的小规模农民正在不断变化的世界中寻求新型合作和经济机会。然而，市场机会带来了苛刻的环境、资金和劳动力要求，并在扩大经济作物和维持生计安全之间产生了权衡。我们分析了巴西亚马逊地区的托梅-阿库地区，在那里出现了小规模农民和其他社会代理人（行业，政府，非政府组织）之间不同的合作模式。当地农民正在采取集体行动，寻求不同类型的伙伴关系，这有助于知识交流和进入利基市场，也有助于他们克服历史上限制该区域农村发展的基础设施和后勤缺陷。特别是，我们讨论了小规模农民之间的农林业和油棕生产系统的传播和采用。我们研究了这些伙伴关系和社会创新为当地农民创造的挑战和机遇，他们是具有不同角色，资产和背景的异质群体的一部分。国家主导的油棕榈计划对小规模农民提出了挑战，他们在与私营公司的合作关系中经历了不对称的关系。另一方面，农民主导的农林业模式为农民提供了新的机会，他们在决定生产安排、开发新的农林业技术和寻求商业化途径方面有更大的灵活性。尽管他们的力量有限，但小规模农民已经能够通过创新，创业精神和重新谈判油棕榈合同农业来克服一些结构性障碍。因此，他们参与农民主导的农林业和国家主导的油棕榈计划的能力提供了基于合作安排的地方治理的潜力，以支持可持续农业生产系统的具体例子。
Brazilian small-scale farmers are seeking new types of collaborations and economic opportunities amid a changing world. Market opportunities, however, have incurred demanding environmental, financial and labor requirements, and created trade-offs between expanding cash crops and maintaining livelihood security. We analyze the Tome-Acu region in the Brazilian Amazon, where different collaborative models between small-scale farmers and other social agents (industries, government, non-governmental organizations) have emerged. Local farmers are engaging in collective actions and pursuing different types of partnerships, which facilitate knowledge exchange and access to market niches, also helping them overcome the infrastructural and logistical deficiencies that have historically limited rural development in the region. In particular, we discuss the diffusion and adoption of agroforestry and oil palm production systems among small-scale farmers. We examine the challenges and opportunities these partnerships and social innovations have created for local farmers, who are part of heterogeneous groups with distinct roles, assets and contexts. The state-led oil palm program posed challenges to small-scale farmers who experienced asymmetrical relationships within their partnership with private companies. On the other hand, the farmer-led agroforestry model opened new opportunities for farmers who had more flexibility in deciding their production arrangements, developing new agroforestry techniques, and pursuing commercialization pathways. Despite their limited power, small-scale farmers have been able to overcome some structural barriers through innovations, entrepreneurship, and renegotiation of oil palm contract farming. Thus, their ability to engage in both farmer-led agroforestry and state-led oil palm programs provides concrete examples of the potential of local governance based on collaborative arrangements to support sustainable farming production systems.