Emerging disease and population decline of an island endemic, the Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii
Emerging disease and population decline of an island endemic, the Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.010
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Wiersma, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hawkins, C. E.;Baars, C.;Wiersma, J.
我们提供的证据表明，袋獾面部肿瘤病 (DFTD) 是一种新出现的疾病，现已广泛传播，对塔斯马尼亚袋獾 Sarcophilus harrisii 构成严重威胁。该物种是世界上现存最大的有袋食肉动物，是塔斯马尼亚特有的。 DFTD 是一种仅在野獾种群中发现的癌症疾病，对于患病个体来说似乎始终是致命的。我们利用塔斯马尼亚各地通过诱捕、聚光灯和公众观察获得的广泛来源和地点的数据来评估这种疾病的影响和分布。 DFTD 的显着肿瘤特征于 1996 年首次被报道。之前被困的 2020 多名个体中没有任何人出现这些症状的报道。自1996年以来，DFTD已在来自41个不同地点的个体中得到组织学证实，覆盖塔斯马尼亚大陆32930 km(2) (51%)。从可以估计 DFTD 出现时间的少数地点来看，有证据表明该疾病存在地理传播。在 147 只具有类似 DFTD 迹象的恶魔中，至少有 140 只已经性成熟。在任一地点表现出迹象的动物比例高达被困成年动物的 83% (15/18)。聚光调查和诱捕表明，人口下降与首次报告 DFTD 的日期之间存在显着的局部关联。在首次报告该疾病的地区，从 1993-1995 年到 2001-2003 年，平均聚光灯目击事件下降了 80%。鉴于DFTD造成的威胁，袋獾已被塔斯马尼亚列为受威胁物种，并被提名列入国家级名录。 Crown 版权所有 (c) 2006 由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。保留所有权利。
We present evidence that Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) is an emerging disease that is now widespread and constitutes a serious threat to the Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii. This species, the world's largest extant marsupial carnivore, is endemic to Tasmania. DFTD is a cancerous disease found exclusively in wild devil populations, and appears to be consistently fatal to afflicted individuals. We draw on data from a wide range of sources and locations across Tasmania, acquired through trapping, spotlighting and public observation, to assess the impact and distribution of this disease. The dramatic tumours characteristic of DFTD were first reported in 1996. There were no reports of these signs in any of more than 2020 individuals trapped previously. Since 1996, DFTD has been histologically confirmed in individuals from 41 separate sites, covering 32930 km(2) (51%) of mainland Tasmania. From the few sites for which timing of DFTD emergence can be estimated, there is evidence for geographical spread of the disease. Of 147 devils with DFTD-like signs, at least 140 were sexually mature. Proportion of animals displaying signs at any one site reached up to 83% (15/18) of trapped adults. Spotlighting surveys and trapping indicated a significant local association between population decline and date of first report of DFTD. In the region where the disease was first reported, mean spotlighting sightings declined by 80% from 1993-1995 to 2001-2003. On the basis of the threat posed by DFTD, the devil has been listed as a threatened species in Tasmania, and nominated for listing at national level. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.