THE ARABIC KOINE
THE ARABIC KOINE
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阿拉伯通用货币
DOI：
10.1163/9789004348578_008
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发表时间：
1959
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. A. Ferguson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. A. Ferguson
0.人们通常认为，现代阿拉伯语方言基本上是古典阿拉伯语或与之非常相似的一种方言的直系后裔。2换句话说，这种假设认为，除了借用和创新之外，现代方言的语言实质是阿拉伯语早期阶段的直接延续，与语法学家的古典阿拉伯语基本相同，只有少数孤立的情况下，一个或多个现代方言似乎保留了古老的编纂的古典语言。在出现明确的矛盾证据之前，这一假设将不得不作为最合理的工作假设。本研究的目的是对这一假设进行一个重要的改进，即大多数现代阿拉伯语方言都是通过一种阿拉伯语形式从早期语言中继承下来的，在这里称为koine，3它与任何早期方言都不相同，在许多重要方面与古典阿拉伯语不同，但在穆斯林时代的早期几个世纪中与古典语言并肩使用。众所周知，在前伊斯兰时代，阿拉伯语有很大的方言差异，人们普遍认为古典语言，阿拉伯语--
0. It has usually been assumed' that the modern Arabic dialects are on the whole lineal descendants of Classical Arabic or of a variety very similar to this.2 Stated differently, this assumption holds that apart from borrowings and innovations the linguistic substance of the modern dialects is a direct continuation of an earlier stage of Arabic substantially identical with the Classical Arabic of the grammarians, with only a few isolated instances in which one or more of the modern dialects seem to preserve archaisms antedating the codification of the Classical language. Until clear contradictory evidence is produced, this assumption will have to stand as the most reasonable working hypothesis. The purpose of the present study is to offer one important refinement to this hypothesis, namely that most modern Arabic dialects descend from the earlier language through a form of Arabic, called here the koine,3 which was not identical with any of the earlier dialects and which differed in many significant respects from Classical Arabic but was used side by side with the Classical language during early centuries of the Muslim era. It is well known that there were great dialect differences in Arabia in preIslamic times, and it is widely accepted4 that the Classical language, the 'Arabi-