"A lab of our own" - Environmental causation of breast cancer and challenges to the dominant epidemiological paradigm
"A lab of our own" - Environmental causation of breast cancer and challenges to the dominant epidemiological paradigm
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DOI：
10.1177/0162243906289610
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Senier, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Phil;McCormick, Sabrina;Senier, Laura
乳腺癌科学的主导研究范式面临挑战。在美国，科学和社会行动主义创造了范式转变。通过访谈、人种学观察和广泛的文献回顾，我们创建了一个三维模型来解释有关乳腺癌环境原因的科学争议的变化。我们确定了活动家和一些科学家提出的三个范式挑战：（1）将关于因果关系的辩论移到上游以解决原因;（2）将重点从个人转移到个人无法控制的可改变的社会层面因素;（3）允许直接参与研究，这可能会提出新的问题并改变如何处理问题，使用的方法和证明标准。我们使用我们的模型来研究有关做科学研究，解释科学结果，并对科学采取行动的争议。最终，我们的目标是了解是什么阻碍了构建新的方法和知识的环境因素在人类疾病。
There are challenges to the dominant research paradigm in breast cancer science. In the United States, science and social activism create paradigmatic shifts. Using interviews, ethnographic observations, and an extensive review of the literature, we create a three-dimensional model to situate changes in scientific controversy concerning environmental causes of breast cancer. We identify three paradigm challenges posed by activists and some scientists: (1) to move debates about causation upstream to address causes; (2) to shift emphasis from individual to modifiable societal-level factors beyond an individual's control; and (3) to allow direct lay involvement in research, which may raise new questions and change how questions are approached, the methods used, and the standards of proof. We use our model to examine controversies about doing scientific research, interpreting scientific results, and acting on science. Ultimately, we aim to understand what impedes construction of new methodologies and knowledge about environmental factors in human disease.