'Scarier than another storm': values at risk in the mapping and insuring of US floodplains.
'Scarier than another storm': values at risk in the mapping and insuring of US floodplains.
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“比另一场风暴更可怕”：美国洪泛区测绘和保险中面临风险的价值。
DOI：
10.1111/1468-4446.12381
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rebecca Elliott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rebecca Elliott
人们对保险调解环境风险的方式有何反应？社会文化风险研究已经描述并分析了风险的经验维度，但尚未将重点放在保险上，而保险是塑造人们如何理解和与风险相关的关键机构。保险不仅评估和传达风险；它还节省了成本，使问题不仅仅是风险问题，而且是价值问题。本文通过对洪水保险费率图的社会生活的调查来解决这些问题，洪水保险费率图是美国国家洪水保险计划（NFIP）的核心技术，因为它在飓风桑迪之后将“风险价值”的新景观嫁接到纽约市的物质和社会世界中。像其他风险技术一样，地图作为决策和规划工具在现代社会中无处不在，它传播有关价值和风险的信息，以驯服不确定性，并使人们能够采取面向未来的谨慎行动。然而，综合采访、人种学和文献资料，我发现，对于地面上的用户来说，地图并不是简单地衡量“风险价值”，以制定明确的策略来保护财产价值免受洪水的影响。相反，它把价值——不仅仅是地方的经济价值——置于风险之中，也包括过去、现在和未来的风险，而不仅仅是洪水。我认为，通过告知和扩大需要保护的对象和需要保护的对象的利害关系，多元和相互作用的“风险价值观”塑造了人们如何应对由保险技术介导的环境风险。
How do people respond to the ways in which insurance mediates environmental risks? Socio-cultural risk research has characterized and analyzed the experiential dimension of risk, but has yet to focus on insurance, which is a key institution shaping how people understand and relate to risk. Insurance not only assesses and communicates risk; it also economizes it, making the problem on the ground not just one of risk, but also of value. This article addresses these issues with an investigation of the social life of the flood insurance rate map, the central technology of the U.S. National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), as it grafts a new landscape of 'value at risk' onto the physical and social world of New York City in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Like other risk technologies, ubiquitous in modern societies as decision-making and planning tools, the map disseminates information about value and risk in order to tame uncertainty and enable prudent action oriented toward the future. However, drawing together interview, ethnographic, and documentary data, I find that for its users on the ground, the map does not simply measure 'value at risk' in ways that produce clear strategies for protecting property values from flooding. Instead, it puts values-beyond simply the financial worth of places-at risk, as well as implicates past, present, and future risks beyond simply flooding. By informing and enlarging the stakes of what needs protecting, and from what, I argue that plural and interacting 'values at risk' shape how people live with and respond to environmental risks that are mediated by insurance technologies.
DOI：
10.1080/13698570802381162
发表时间：
2008-10
期刊：
Health, Risk & Society
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. Harries
通讯作者：
T. Harries