Resettlement as climate change adaptation: what can be learned from state-led relocation in rural Africa and Asia?
Resettlement as climate change adaptation: what can be learned from state-led relocation in rural Africa and Asia?
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DOI：
10.1080/17565529.2018.1442799
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发表时间：
2019-03-16
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Arnall, Alex
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arnall, Alex
人们越来越有兴趣帮助发展中国家的人民科普气候变化，将人口迁移重新确定为一项适应战略。然而，重新安置贫穷和脆弱社区的利弊也一直存在不确定性。本文通过考虑从非洲和亚洲农村地区最近和正在进行的国家主导的搬迁计划中可以学到什么来帮助解决这一知识差距。它借鉴了对八个国家计划中的流离失所和重新安置的审查，以及对莫桑比克中部重新安置方案的六个月研究经验，提出三个论点：首先，需要揭示政府对农村人口的长期看法，以及这些看法如何影响国家主导的应对气候冲击和压力的方式;第二，有必要对重新安置作为适应过程中的人的选择、意志和自决形成更深刻的理解;第三，应更加关注在气候变化引起的迁移过程中如何产生、传播和内化发展叙事。以这些方式考虑到社会经济、政治和历史现实，将有助于避免目前为援助遭受气候流离失所或受气候流离失所威胁的人口而采取的干预措施只是重复或加强过去的不公正。
There is growing interest in helping people in developing countries cope with climate change by reframing population relocation as an adaptation strategy. However, there is also ongoing uncertainty surrounding what the advantages and disadvantages of resettling poor and vulnerable communities might be. This article helps address this knowledge gap by considering what might be learned from recent and ongoing state-led relocation programmes in rural Africa and Asia. It draws on a review of planned displacement and resettlement in eight countries, and six months' experience researching a relocation programme in central Mozambique, to make three arguments: first, there is a need to uncover long-standing governmental perceptions of rural populations and the ways in which these affect state-led responses to climate shocks and stresses; second, it is necessary to develop a more sophisticated understanding of human choice, volition and self-determination during resettlement as adaptation; and third, greater attention should be paid to how development narratives are generated, transmitted and internalized during climate-induced relocations. Taking into account socioeconomic, political and historical realities in these ways will help to avoid situations in which present-day interventions to assist populations experiencing or threatened by climate displacement simply repeat or reinforce past injustices.