Thresholds and multiple community states in marine fouling communities: integrating natural history with management strategies
Thresholds and multiple community states in marine fouling communities: integrating natural history with management strategies
复制标题
海洋污垢群落的阈值和多个群落状态：将自然历史与管理策略相结合
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
John F. Hamilton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Osman;P. Munguia;R. Whitlatch;R. Zajac;John F. Hamilton
美国新英格兰南部、康涅狄格州长岛海峡东部和马萨诸塞州科德角之间地区的表生动物群落特征包括一个复杂的系统，在该系统中，不同的机制在一定的阈值水平下可以导致4种不同的群落状态的建立：（1）一个多样化的原生群落，主要由最常见于开放海岸地区的苔藓虫和海绵动物组成，（2）入侵海鞘群落特征的码头和沿海地区的发展，（3）贻贝为主的社区发生后，大规模招聘和（4）海鞘群落占主导地位的Diplosomaericrianum只出现在温暖的冬天后的几年。这些状态中的每一个都是相当有弹性的，但是每个状态的空间范围和持续时间可以是高度可变的。状态之间的转换发生，如果一些设置的阈值条件被超过，合理的预测可以根据系统内的物种的自然历史的知识。两组过程似乎控制着每个状态的恢复力以及向新状态过渡的阈值：（1）快速和局部过程，如贻贝的种群内招募、捕食或生物工程;（2）缓慢的区域过程，如气候变化、沿海开发或栖息地恢复。其中，沿海开发和恢复工作处于管理控制之下，可能对这些社区状态，特别是土著社区产生重大影响。然而，我们可能无法影响大规模的区域进程，如气候变化，可能有利于非本地社区。然而，不同的群落状态可用作地方和区域管理成功的指标，并允许将地方管理工作置于影响区域群落模式的阈值条件的更大规模变化的背景下。
The epifaunal communities characteristic of the southern New England, USA, region between eastern Long Island Sound, CT, and Cape Cod, MA, comprise a complex system in which different mechanisms at certain threshold levels can cause the establishment of 4 distinct community states: (1) a diverse native community dominated by bryozoans and sponges most commonly found in open coast areas, (2) an invasive ascidian community characteristic of marinas and areas of coastal development, (3) a mussel-dominated community occurring after massive recruitment and (4) an ascidian community dominated by Diplosoma listerianum that occurs only in years following warm winters. Each of these states is fairly resilient, but the spatial extent and duration of each state can be highly variable. Transitions among the states occur if some set of threshold conditions are surpassed and reasonable predictions can be made based on knowledge of the natural history of the species within the system. Two sets of processes seem to control the resilience of each state and the thresh- olds beyond which a transition to a new state occurs: (1) fast and local processes such as within- population recruitment, predation or bioengineering by mussels and (2) slow regional processes such as climate change, coastal development or habitat restoration. Of these, coastal development and restoration efforts are under management control and could have large effects on these community states, in particular the native community. However, we may not be able to influence large-scale regional processes such as climate change that may favor non-native communities. Nevertheless, the different community states can be used as indicators of both local and regional management success and allow local management efforts to be put in the context of larger scale shifts in threshold condi- tions that affect regional community patterns.