Seized cannabis seeds cultivated in greenhouse: A chemical study by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis
Seized cannabis seeds cultivated in greenhouse: A chemical study by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scijus.2015.09.002
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Limberger, Renata Pereira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mariotti, Kristiane de Cassia;Alexandre Marcelo, Marcelo Caetano;Limberger, Renata Pereira
世界上大多数地区都种植大麻。2013年，巴西联邦警察（BFP）报告查获了220吨大麻，铲除了大约80万株大麻植物。根除大麻生产的努力可能助长了巴西国际毒品贩运的一种新形式的发展：通过物流邮政将少量大麻种子运送到城市中心。在巴西，这种新的和日益增加的大麻贩运全景，鼓励利用气相色谱联用质谱（GC-MS）结合探索性和判别性分析对温室种植的大麻种子进行化学研究。海关检获的50粒不同品种和品牌的大麻种子，在预先订定的条件下种植，种植期分别为4.5、5.5、7.5、10及12周。分析空气组分，检测大麻酚、大麻酚、大麻二酚、大麻二酚δ 9-四氢大麻酚（THC）等萜类化合物。样品的色谱化学特征有显著差异，可能是由于品种、光照和年龄的不同。四氢大麻酚含量随着植物年龄的增长而增加，然而，对于其他大麻素，这种相关性没有观察到。色谱图绘制在50行（样品）和3886列（保留时间丰度）的矩阵中，预处理（归一化、一阶导数和自动标度）后提交PCA、HCA和PLS-DA。PCA和HCA显示样品之间的年龄分离，但不可能验证品种和品牌的分离。PLS-DA分类提供了令人满意的植物年龄预测。(C) 2015英国特许法医学学会。爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司出版。版权所有。
Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated in most regions of the world. In 2013, the Brazilian Federal Police (BFP) reported 220 tons of marijuana seized and about 800,000 cannabis plants eradicated. Efforts to eradicate cannabis production may have contributed to the development of a new form of international drug trafficking in Brazil: the sending of cannabis seeds in small amounts to urban centers by logistics postal. This new and increasing panorama of cannabis trafficking in Brazil, encouraged the chemical study of cannabis seeds cultivated in greenhouses by gas -chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) associated with exploratory and discriminant analysis. Fifty cannabis seeds of different varieties and brands, seized by the BFP were cultivated under predefined conditions for a period of 4.5 weeks, 5.5 weeks, 7.5 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks. Aerial parts were analyzed and cannabigerol, cannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabichromene Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other terpenoids were detected. The chromatographic chemical profiles of the samples were significantly different, probably due to different variety, light exposition and age. THC content increased with the age of the plant, however, for other cannabinoids, this correlation was not observed. The chromatograms were plotted in a matrix with 50 rows (samples) and 3886 columns (abundance in a retention time) and submitted to PCA, HCA and PLS-DA after pretreatment (normalization, first derivative and autoscale). The PCA and HCA showed age separation between samples however it was not possible to verify the separation by varieties and brands. The PLS-DA classification provides a satisfactory prediction of plant age. (C) 2015 The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.