Human Rights Violations among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Southern Africa: Comparisons between Legal Contexts.
Human Rights Violations among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Southern Africa: Comparisons between Legal Contexts.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0147156
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Baral S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zahn R;Grosso A;Scheibe A;Bekker LG;Ketende S;Dausab F;Iipinge S;Beyrer C;Trapance G;Baral S
1994年，南非通过了一部宪法，规定不受基于性取向的歧视。其他南部非洲国家，包括博茨瓦纳、马拉维和纳米比亚，将同性行为定为犯罪。事实证明，男男性行为者遭受了高度的耻辱和歧视，增加了他们遭受负面健康和其他后果的脆弱性。本文探讨了同性行为的刑事定罪与男同性恋者侵犯人权的经历之间的关系。它比较了开普敦城郊的男同性恋者与博茨瓦纳哈博罗内的男同性恋者遭受人权侵犯的程度；马拉维的布兰太尔和利隆圭；以及纳米比亚的温得和克。2008年，737名男男性行为者参与了一项横断面研究，该研究使用了一项结构化调查，收集了有关人口统计、人权、艾滋病毒状况和风险行为的数据。每个站点累积的参与者使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归进行比较。令人鼓舞的是，研究结果表明，与博茨瓦纳、马拉维或纳米比亚的男同性恋者相比，开普敦的男同性恋者更有可能向家人或医护人员透露自己的性取向，在社区中被勒索或感到害怕的可能性更小。然而，从统计数据来看，南非男同性恋者遭受人权侵犯的可能性并不比其他研究国家的同龄人低多少，这表明尽管法律保护可能会减少某些侵犯行为的经历，但仅靠立法改革不足以保护男同性恋者。需要采取综合办法，在多个部门的多个层面进行干预，以创造必要的法律和社会变革，解决影响男男性行为者的态度、歧视和暴力问题。
In 1994, South Africa approved a constitution providing freedom from discrimination based on sexual orientation. Other Southern African countries, including Botswana, Malawi, and Namibia, criminalize same-sex behavior. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been shown to experience high levels of stigma and discrimination, increasing their vulnerability to negative health and other outcomes. This paper examines the relationship between criminalization of same-sex behavior and experiences of human rights abuses by MSM. It compares the extent to which MSM in peri-urban Cape Town experience human rights abuses with that of MSM in Gaborone, Botswana; Blantyre and Lilongwe, Malawi; and Windhoek, Namibia. In 2008, 737 MSM participated in a cross-sectional study using a structured survey collecting data regarding demographics, human rights, HIV status, and risk behavior. Participants accrued in each site were compared using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Encouragingly, the results indicate MSM in Cape Town were more likely to disclose their sexual orientation to family or healthcare workers and less likely to be blackmailed or feel afraid in their communities than MSM in Botswana, Malawi, or Namibia. However, South African MSM were not statistically significantly less likely experience a human rights abuse than their peers in cities in other study countries, showing that while legal protections may reduce experiences of certain abuses, legislative changes alone are insufficient for protecting MSM. A comprehensive approach with interventions at multiple levels in multiple sectors is needed to create the legal and social change necessary to address attitudes, discrimination, and violence affecting MSM.