Fairness considerations when I know more than you do: developmental comparisons
Fairness considerations when I know more than you do: developmental comparisons
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00424
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Crone, Eveline A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Overgaauw, Sandy;Guroglu, Berna;Crone, Eveline A.
最后通牒博弈(UG)是研究公平考量的一个有价值的范式。在这里，我们测试了利他主义动机和战略动机在公平考量上的发展差异，使用了带有隐藏条件的UG版本。参与者是求婚者，可以在自己和匿名的其他人之间平分硬币。隐藏信息条件包括分割硬币，其中一些硬币只对参与者可见(例如，8/2条件，在总共10个硬币中，8个硬币对两个玩家都可见，2个硬币只对提出者可见)。总共有22名年轻人和79名年龄在8岁到13岁之间的儿童与匿名的其他人一起玩了多个带有隐藏条件的UG的一次性版本。总体分析证实了任务的有效性，并表明所有年龄段的参与者都有战略意图。具体的任务分析表明，在标准的UG条件下，成年人平均分配硬币，但在隐藏信息条件下，成年人给第二个玩家的硬币更少。发育比较揭示了年龄x条件的交互作用，即成年人和10至12岁的儿童比8至9岁的儿童区分标准条件和隐藏条件。这些发现表明，幼儿对不同的战略动机有基本的理解，但成年人和年龄较大的儿童的行为更多地受到战略意图的驱动。
The Ultimatum Game (UG) is a valuable paradigm to study fairness considerations. Here, we tested developmental differences between altruistic and strategic motivations in fairness considerations using a version of the UG with hidden conditions. Participants were proposers and could divide coins between themselves and an anonymous other. Hidden information conditions involved division of coins where some coins were only visible to the participant (e.g., 8/2 condition where, from the total of 10 coins, 8 coins were visible to both players and 2 coins only visible to the proposer). In total, 22 young adults and 79 children between ages 8 and 13 played multiple one-shot versions of the UG with hidden conditions with anonymous others. Overall analyses confirmed validity of the task and showed that participants of all age groups had strategic intentions. Specific task analyses revealed that adults divided the coins equally in the standard UG conditions, but gave less to the second player in the hidden information conditions. The developmental comparisons revealed an age x condition interaction, such that adults and 10- to 12-year-old children differentiated between standard and hidden conditions more than 8- to 9-year-old children. These findings indicate that young children have a basic understanding of different strategic motives, but that behavior of adults and older children is driven more by strategic intentions.